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AP GO PO Studying
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which clause of the Constitution could the Supreme Court have used when deciding the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) ? | “The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made.”(Article 3, Section 2) |
| To bypass the Supreme Court's ruling in Texas v. Johnson, which protected flag burning as free speech, President George H.W. Bush proposed a constitutional amendment to legally criminalize flag desecration. Why? | A constitutional amendment would force the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of the anti-flag burning laws in subsequent cases. |
| Bureaucratic capture | An organization of the federal bureaucracy serves the interests of an interest group that has “captured” the agency more than the citizens the agency is serving. It is a relationship between the agency and interest group. |
| Which of the following is a limit on a president’s ability to issue executive orders? | Congress can pass a law nullifying the president’s order |
| Which of the following steps is where most bills die in the process of a bill becoming law? | Referred to committee |
| Which of the following is a reason for the expansion power of the executive branch over time? | Foreign crises |
| The judicial vacancies shown above must be filled by the president and confirmed by | A simple majority of the Senate |
| Comparing the three constitutionally defined branches of government, Congress is most powerful compared to the other branches in | Domestic affairs |
| The president is most likely to assert his authority over Congress in? | Foreign affairs |
| If Congress disagrees with a federal court’s decision, it has the power to? | Propose a constitutional amendment |
| Which positions require Senate confirmation? | - Cabinet-Level Officials: This includes the heads of the 15 executive departments - Federal Judges - Ambassadors - Agency Leadership - Independent Agency Heads - Regulatory Commissions - Attorneys and U.S. Marshals - Military Officers |
| A typical challenge in managing “street level” bureaucrats in the federal government is? | Providing autonomy and discretion versus following standardized rules and procedures |
| Which of the following developments did Hamilton not anticipate in The Federalist No. 70? | Growth of the federal bureaucracy |
| The president is considered to have a “first mover” advantage when involved in international treaty-making because? | The Senate cannot initiate international treaties and can only consider them once they have been negotiated by the president Co. |
| The media connects people to the government by? | providing information through their function as a policy agenda setter. |
| A person votes for Democratic candidates based on the belief that the policies of the Democratic Party will be personally beneficial. This type of voting matches which of the following voting behavior models? | Prospective voting |
| Which of the following factors most likely led to shifts in Supreme Court decision making over time? | The ideological composition of the justices on the Supreme Court shifted to become less liberal over time. |
| True or false: A rule issued by a bureaucratic agency may be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. | True |
| Is the power to tax a concurrent or national government power? | Concurrent |
| Is the power to regulate banks a concurrent or state power? | Concurrent |
| Is the power to establish and administer a judiciary a concurrent or state power? | Concurrent |
| Is the power to borrow money concurrent or national power? | Concurrent |
| Is the power to make and enforce laws a concurrent or national power? | Concurrent |
| What did Brown v. Board of Education establish? | Racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. |
| What was the ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission? | Political spending by corporations, unions, and associations is protected speech under the First Amendment. |
| What did Baker v. Carr establish? | Federal courts can hear redistricting cases; led to “one person, one vote.” |
| What was decided in Shaw v. Reno? | Redistricting based heavily on race must meet strict scrutiny and comply with the Voting Rights Act. |
| Why is Marbury v. Madison important? | Established judicial review—the power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional. |
| What did McCulloch v. Maryland establish? | Federal law is supreme over state law; confirmed implied powers. (Identify: Supremacy and Elastic Clause) |
| What was the ruling in United States v. Lopez? | Congress cannot use the Commerce Clause to regulate gun possession in school zones. (Identify: Commerce Clause) |
| What did Engel v. Vitale rule? | School-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause. |
| What did Wisconsin v. Yoder decide? | Forcing Amish students to attend school past 8th grade violates free exercise of religion. |
| What was established in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District? | Students have free speech rights in school (e.g., wearing armbands). (Identify: 1st amendment) |
| What did New York Times Co. v. United States establish? | Prior restraint is generally unconstitutional, even in national security cases. (Identify: 1st amendment) |
| What did Schenck v. United States rule? | Speech that creates a “clear and present danger” is not protected. (Identify: 1st amendment) |
| What did Gideon v. Wainwright establish? | Right to an attorney for those who cannot afford one. (Identify: Due process clause of the 14th amendment incorporated the 6th amendment) |
| What was the ruling in Roe v. Wade? | Extended the right to privacy to include abortion. (Identify: Due process clause of the 14th amendment incorporated the 4th amendment) |
| What did McDonald v. Chicago decide? | Second Amendment rights apply to the states. (Identify: 2nd amendment) |
| What did the 15th Amendment do? | Gave African American men the right to vote. |
| What did the 17th Amendment change? | Senators are directly elected by the people. |
| What did the 19th Amendment establish? | Women gained the right to vote. |
| What did the 23rd Amendment do? | Gave Washington, D.C. electoral votes in presidential elections. |
| What did the 24th Amendment accomplish | Abolished poll taxes in federal elections. |
| What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? | Banned racial discrimination in voting |
| What did the 26th Amendment change? | Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. |
| How does the media link people to the government? | By informing the public on policy and officials, shaping the political agenda, and communicating public opinion back to leaders |
| Are social movements linkage institutions? | Yes, They act as mass mobilizations that connect citizens to the government, influencing the policy agenda through protests, civil disobedience, and media attention. |
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