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AP Gov Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thomas Hobbs | in his book Leviathan, believed people were fundamentally bad meaning a government is needed to create order and ensure that the rights of everyone are respected at all times |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | expanded upon the ideals developed by Hobbs, he developed the idea social contract, we give up the lesser rights so that our more important rights are protected at all times |
| John Locke | would call these important rights, natural rights - life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness |
| Popular Sovereignty | on the other hand, is ruled by the people; this is the type of government the US government would adopt |
| Republicanism | a notion that believes the government should be ruled by a select few individuals, who are picked by the people, was developed by Montesquieu |
| Pluralist Democracy | in which, the government is run by many different groups with different ideas |
| Elite Democracy | in which, the government is run by a select few who have immense power or wealth |
| Participatory Democracy | in which, the government is run directly by the people |
| Gentlemen’s Agreement (1788) | in which the international importation of slaves would be ended in 1808 |
| Brutus No. 1 | a document drafted by an unknown anti-federalist, highlighted the beliefs of the anti-federalists. The author also wanted a smaller republic so that the chances of tyranny are lowered + they favored participatory democracy |
| Federalist No. 10 | highlighted the beliefs of Madison - the author - and his fellow Federalists. Madison favored elite democracy and a pluralist democracy - however, he disliked the ideal of participatory democracy |
| Federalist No. 51 | a document written by Madison, details the reason for the separation of powers and the checks and balances of each branch |
| Categorical Grants | are money given to states for specific purposes - for example, giving money to a state to add more stop signs or traffic lights |
| Block Grants | are money given to states for a more broad purpose - for example, giving money to a state to improve the electrical system, the state government can use the money for anything related to improving the electrical system |
| Mandates (Context: grants) | a required quota for every state to reach for them to receive federal aid |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | allows the national government to establish laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out the constitutionally protected functions of the national government |
| Commerce Clause | allows the national government to oversee interstate and foreign trade and commerce |
| Amendments reserved powers are in | 9th (rights to people) 10th (powers to the states) |
| Public Policy | is a process in which a day-to-day problem is combatted |
| committee | a group of people within a legislative body to represent a particular issue and make the process for the more important issues easier and quicker |
| caucus | an ideological group that voices their opinions but never impacts legislation |
| standing committee | a permanent committee that represents crucial issues, is the most important type of committee, which is then divided into subcommittees |
| Ways and Means Committee | a committee that oversees bills based upon taxation, is ONLY found in the House |
| Rules Committee (house) | he most powerful committee in the House and has the ability to kill or quicken the process for a bill to be passed |
| Federalist No. 78 | document written by Alexander Hamilton, discussed how and how long a justice will be appointed and what kind of powers the judicial branch should have |
| Stare Decisis | Latin for “to stand by decided matters,” is the principle that courts should generally follow the decisions made in earlier, similar cases. Like another term for judicial restraint. |
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