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Gov unit 4 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Political culture | Dominant set of beliefs, customs, and traditions that define the relationship between citizens and government |
| Individualism | Belief that people should be responsible for themselves and the decisions they make |
| Laissez-faire/Free enterprise | Economic system where government intrudes very little in the economic transactions of citizens and businesses |
| Rule of law | Principle that nobody is above the law |
| Political socialization | Experiences and factors that shape an individual's political attitudes |
| Political ideology | Individual's set of beliefs about government |
| Generational effect | Impact of events experienced by a generation upon their political beliefs |
| Life-cycle effect | Impact of someone's age and stage of life on their political beliefs |
| Globalization | Increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries around the world |
| Outsourcing | When a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient |
| Public opinion | Sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues |
| Focus group | Small group of people assembled for a conversation about specific issues |
| Scientific poll | Representative poll of randomly chosen people with a statistically significant sample size |
| Sample | Subgroup of people from a bigger population used to measure public opinion |
| Random selection | Method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over or under represent any part of the population |
| Representative sample | Sample that reflects the demographics of the population |
| Weighting | Procedure where the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population |
| Sampling error | Margin of error in a poll |
| Mass survey | Survey designed to measure the opinions of the population |
| Entrance survey | Poll conducted of people entering an event |
| Exit poll | Survey conducted outside a polling place asking people what they just voted for |
| Benchmark poll | Survey taken at the start of a political campaign to gauge support for a candidate, and what issues are important to voters |
| Tracking poll | Survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign |
| Random digit dialling | Use of telephone numbers randomly generated to choose potential respondents |
| Question order | Sequencing of questions in public opinion polls |
| Question wording | Phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll |
| Political ideology | Set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance |
| Right | Something guaranteed that the government cannot take away |
| Privilege | Something a person can get, but the government can take |
| Party ideology | Party's philosophy about the role of government and its set of positions on major issues |
| Party identification | Individual's attachment to a political party |
| Conservatism | Ideology favoring more control of social behavior, less regulations on business, and less government interference in the economy |
| Liberalism | Ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more regulations on businesses and the economy |
| Libertarianism | Ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond private property and individual liberty |
| Laissez-faire economy | Economic policy where governments intrude as little as possible in the economy |
| Command-and-control economy | Economic policy where government has much control in the economy including prices and amount of production |
| Mixed economy | Economic policy where many economic decisions are left to the people while the government regulates economic activity |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | Total value of goods and services in the economy |
| Economic recession | Period of time when economic activity declines, two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth |
| Unemployment rate | % of unemployed people who are looking for jobs |
| Inflation | Rise in prices of goods and services |
| Consumer price index (CPI) | Cost of a fixed set of goods and services to measure the cost of living |
| Fiscal policy | Government use of taxing and spending to lower unemployment, support economic growth, and stabilize the economy |
| Federal Reserve System | Board of governors, Federal Reserve Banks, and member banks responsible for monetary policy |
| Monetary policy | Set of economic tools made to regulate the amount of money in the economy |
| Medicare | Federal program giving health insurance to seniors and the disabled |
| Medicaid | Federal program giving healthcare to the poor |
Created by:
hanw