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CC - PRELIM
L4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| o Clotted RBCs o Has no fibrinogen because it is already clotted o Clotting or coagulation proteins are absent because they are already used up | Serum |
| o Anticoagulated RBCs o With the presence of fibrinogen o Clotting or coagulation proteins are present | Plasma |
| COAGULATION PROTEINS (FACTORS) (1-6) | 1. Fibrinogen 2. Prothrombin 3. Tissue Thromboplastin 4. Calcium Ions 5. Labile Factor 6. Stable Factor |
| COAGULATION PROTEINS (FACTORS) (7-12) | 7. Antihemophilic Factor 8. Christmas Factor 9. Stuart-Prower Factor 10. Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent (PTA) 11. Hageman Factor 12. Fibrin Stabilizing Factor |
| COAGULATION PATHWAYS | 1. Intrinsic Pathway 2. Extrinsic Pathway 3. CommonPathways |
| Usualy tested for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) | Intrinsic Pathway |
| Intrinsic Pathway; WHAT FACTORS INVOLVED? | 12, 11, 9, 8 |
| Usualytested for prothrombin time (PT) | Extrinsic Pathway |
| Extrinsic Pathway ; WHAT FACTORS INVOLVED? | 7, 3 |
| Common Pathways ; WHAT FACTORS INVOLVED? | 10, 5, 2, 1 |
| Normal BLOOD vol in FEMALES | 37-47% hematocrit |
| Normal BLOOD vol in MALES | 42-52% hematocrit |
| Depressed hematocrit % | Anemia |
| Elevated hematocrit % | Polycythemia |
| Added in samples to preserve integrity | ADDITIVES |
| TYPES OF ADDITIVES (ACGS) | 1. Anticoagulant 2. Clot Activator 3. Gel 4. Special Additives |
| ADDITIVE that Prevents clotting | Anticoagulant |
| ADDITIVE that Induces clot formation | Clot Activator |
| Special ADDITIVES that is : used for arterial blood gas | Lithium heparin |
| anti-glycolytic agent that preserves glucose by inhibiting enolase enzyme | Sodium fluoride |
| TYPES OF UNACCEPTABLE BLOOD SPECIMENS (LIHC) | 1. Lipemic Sample 2. Icteric Sample 3. Hemolyzed Sample 4. Chylous Sample |
| Lipemic Sample o Appearance: | Milky serum/plasma |
| o Caused by high lipid levels in the blood o Requires dilution before being tested | Lipemic Sample |
| Icteric Sample o Appearance: | Dark yellow serum/plasma |
| Caused by HIGH bilirubin levels in the blood | Icteric Sample |
| Two Types of Bilirubin | 1) Conjugated Bilirubin: B2, direct bilirubin 2) Unconjugated Bilirubin: B1, indirect bilirubin |
| o Common in patients with hepatitis or liver diseases o Specimen must be covered from light to prevent oxidation of bilirubin content ■ Maydecrease bilirubin by 30-50% | Icteric Sample |
| Hemolyzed Sample o Appearance: | Dark orange to red serum/plasma |
| Cannot be tested for electrolyte testing | Hemolyzed Sample |
| Hemolyzed Sample can be caused by | Prolonged tourniquet Too small needle size Difficult drawing of blood Vigorous inversion of tubes Excessive puling of the plunger Incorrect manner of dispensing the sample |
| o Occurs after a meal o Chyle must be removed then perform ringing | Chylous Sample |
| BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | 1. Antecubital Fossa 2. Wrist area 3. Backof hand 4. Ankle 5. Topof the foot |
| o Most common site for blood collection o Can be either of the two vein patterns: i.H pattern i.M pattern: most common vein pattern | Antecubital Fossa |
| WHAT SECTION ; Glucose, Lipids, Proteins, NPNs, Enzymes, Electrolytes | Clinical Chemistry |
| WHAT SECTION ; CBC, ESR, Coagulation studies, Blood typing, Reticulocyte count, PBS | HEMA |
| WHAT SECTION ; Blood typing, Coombs test | BB |
| WHAT SECTION ; Hormones, Tumor markers, Viral & bacterial infections | IS |
| WHAT SECTION ; Blood culture | BACTE |
Created by:
twisa_heart