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BIO 1802 Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Like Fungi and Animals, Plants are multicellular eukaryotes. But unlike fungi and animals, plants ________. | have both mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| Which important plant chemical is responsible for plants ability to do photosynthesis? | Chlorophyll |
| Matrotrophy is an important innovation in both green algae and plants. This is when: | The zygote is retained in the gametangium and is fed by the "mother" plant |
| Which pair of morphological traits (innovations) is used to define the four categories of land plants? | Whether the plants contain vascular tissue and whether or not they produce seeds |
| Which important plant innovation is absent in the bryophytes or nonvascular plants? | Vascular tissues |
| In the diverse lineage of Gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgo, conifers, redwoods, gnetophytes); what feature(s) is unique and unites them as gymnosperms? | Naked seeds |
| A botanist discovers a new species of plants in a tropical rainforest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, they note the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, vascular tissues, xylem w/ tracheids, etc. What is this plant related to? | Ferns |
| Biologists conclude that the phylogeny in Plant Phylogeny (above) represents the best estimate currently available for the history of plants. Which of the following represents one of the conclusions supported by this research? | The Gymnosperms; Cupressophyta, Pinophyta, and Gnetophyta form a polytomy |
| Still referring to the plant phylogeny above; in the Gymnosperms the phylum Gnetophyta is shown to be more closely related to the Angiosperms. (T/F) | False |
| Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)? | - Plants with seeds located in vessels (ovaries) |
| IF humans were present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period, which plant types would have been a suitable source of logs? (NOTE humans were not around 300 mya-this is a hypothetical scenario) Don't forget to use the figure above! | Seedless vascular plants |
| What does the presence of a coal mine in an area indicate about that region's geologic history? | Marshy, swampy, and shallow seas were once found there. |
| Around 450-410 million years ago; the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have been: | Dominated by non-vascular plants forming green mats on rock |
| Wood is an important source of energy and building material. What plant tissue forms wood? | Xylem tissue |
| Coal represents the fossilized remains of which plant group? | Seedless Vascular Plants |
| Sphagnum flexosum is commonly called sphagnum moss. Sphagnum moss forms bogs and becomes peat as it becomes partially decayed and compressed. Which name represents the species name? | Sphagnum flexosum (italisized) |
| How are coal and peat important to humanity? Both are: | A reservoir of carbon, used as a source of energy |
| Plants help moderate climate; one way is through transpiration. What is transpiration? | Transpiration is when water evaporates from the surface of a plant leaf via the stomata |
| Plants produce secondary metabolites that are the source for 25% of the chemicals in medications today. These chemical compounds are very important to humans. How are these compounds important to plants? Why do plants produce secondary metabolites? | For defense: they reduce herbivory and can defend the plant against microbes |
| One of the most contemporary (recent) drugs derived from a plant molecule (secondary metabolite) is used for treating reproductive cancers (ovarian and breast cancer). This drug is called and it is harvested from | Taxol: Pacific yew tree |
| Which of the following important food crops have one cotyledon (seed leaf) in their seeds? | Corn, wheat, and rice |
| What abiotic feature causes the low NPP? | Annual Moisture or Precipitation |
| What is the trend of productivity in Terrestrial Biomes as you travel from the equator to the pole (increase latitude from 0° to 90°)? | It decreases. |
| The trees that are in the Temperate Forest would replace the biome to the north. Currently, the biome to the north of the Temperate Forest is the _____ and is dominated by ______. | Boreal Forest (taiga)/Gymnosperms |
| Referring to the question above and the plant species' ranges in the northern hemisphere that may move northward: The trees that are most likely to migrate are those that _______. | Have seeds that are easily dispersed by wind or animals |
| Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors, like energy and nutrients? | Ecosystem ecology |
| In Hawaii, the distribution of songbirds is limited to high altitudes (alpine habitats). Which biotic factor could explain this limited distribution? | Insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes |
| The range of conditions that a species can tolerate and the range of resources it requires to be biologically fit is referred to as: | Niche |
| Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following? | The changes in the density of water as seasonal temperatures change |
| How does the process of lake turnover impact the lake biome? | Brings nutrients from the bottom up |
| Freshwater wetlands are aquatic biomes defined by having shallow water, which allows for the growth of more plants. Which type of freshwater wetlands has trees? | Swamp |
| The movement of an individual from its place of birth to the location where it lives and breeds as an adult is called: | Dispersal |
| The mammals found in North America and South America share a similar history that can be best explained by understanding; | The role of the Isthmus of Panama in dispersal |
| In understanding where organisms are distributed and what contributes to abundance, temperature is an important factor because | Biological processes are determined by temperature |
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