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Tools & Techniques
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Decision Making Methods? | Voting, Autocratic, Multicriteria |
| Define Voting? | Decision making method majority, unanimous, Plurality |
| Define Plaurality? | Voting Decision making method that has no majority |
| Define majority? | Voting Decision making method that majority decides |
| Define unanimous? | Voting Decision making method that everyone agrees |
| Define Autocratic? | Decision making method that 1 person decides |
| Define Multicrieria? | Decision making method that uses a table/matrix to list out all criteria to evaluate to make a decision |
| Interpersonal & Team Skills methods? | Active Listening, Conflict Management, Facilitation, Meeting Management |
| Purpose/goal of Interpersonal & Team Skills? | Needed to manage stakeholders |
| Define Active Listening? | Interpersonal & Team Skills methods that requires understanding, acknowledging, clarifying what others are saying |
| Define Conflict Management? | Interpersonal & Team Skills methods - Between Team when bringing together |
| Define Facilitation? | Interpersonal & Team Skills methods art of managing a group: bringing them together, generating ideas, solving problems, dissipating team |
| Define Meeting Management? | Agenda, inviting correct stakeholders, setting time limit to start & stop overall meeting, following up w/meeting minutes & action items |
| Define Meeting etiquette for PM? | specific time for each topic, distribute agenda to all attendees, ensure all participate, stay on topic, distribute minutes |
| PMIS (Project Management Information System) | Automate system to help PM optimize the schedule and keep track of documents and deliverables; system to manage projects; includes authorization system and configuration management system |
| Define Change Request? | Approval to change, document, deliverable, baseline, add or remove work from scope, finish project faster, or finish project cheaper |
| What does a change request implement? | corrective action (get project back on track), preventative action (in place to ensure project stays on track), defect repair is done to fix broken component network switch memory fails on network upgrade project |
| What is done to correct, prevent, or repair defect? | Change Request |
| Main goal of change request? | get project back on track, ensure it to stay on track, repair defect |
| Define work performance data? | raw data - status of work done but not analyzed |
| Is work performance data useful alone? | no |
| What process group is the output of work performance data? | Executing |
| What process group is the output of work performance information? | monitoring & controlling |
| What main process is the output of work performance data? | Direct & Manage Project Work |
| What process group is the output of work performance information? | monitoring & controlling |
| What is measured and observed of project activities? | work performance data |
| What processes are the output of work performance information? | Validate Scope, Control Scope, Control Schedule, Control Costs, Control Quality, Monitor Communications, Control Procurement, Monitor Stakeholder Engagement |
| What processes are the input of work performance data? | Validate Scope, Control Scope, Control Schedule, Control Costs, Control Quality, Monitor Communications, Control Procurement, Monitor Stakeholder Engagement |
| What main process is the input of work performance information? | Monitor & Control Project Work |
| What processes are the input of work performance Reports? | Manage Project Team, Manage Communications, Perform Integrated Change Control, Control Risks, Control Procurement |
| when data is analyzed, what is the goal? | confirm data to project management plan |
| What main process is the output of work performance Reports? | Monitor & Control Project Work |
| what is the process flow of the measurements of project activities? | work performance data, to work performance information, to work performance reports, to decision making |
| What is done during work performance information processing? | analyzed data organized into performance reports distributed to stakeholders |
| What is the outcome of organized, classified, interpreted data? | work performance information |
| what contains work performance information? | work performance reports |
| Data Gathering methods? | Brainstorm, Interview, Focus Group, Questionnaire/Survey, Checklist |
| Define Brainstorm? | Data Gathering method with most stakeholders together |
| Define Interviews? | Data Gathering method with stakeholders |
| Define Focus Group? | Data Gathering method for SMEs to get together |
| Define Questionnaire/Survey? | Data Gathering method to understand stakeholders needs |
| Define Checklist? | Data Gathering method organization puts together |
| Data Analysis Methods? | Alternative, Root Cause, Variance, Trend |
| Define Alternative Analysis? | Data Analysis Method that looks at different options to accomplish something |
| Define Root Cause Analysis? | Data Analysis Method to identify the main underlying reason for an event |
| Define Variance Analysis? | Data Analysis Method to find the exact differences between different things |
| Define Trend Analysis? | Data Analysis Method to look at data over a period of time to see if there are any trends |
| What are Data Representation Methods? | Charts, Matrixes, Diagrams |
| What are examples of Data Representation Methods? | Flow charts, fishbone diagram, histogram |
| What are the Decision Making methods? | Voting, Multicriteria decision Analysis, Autocratic |
| What is voting? | Decision Making method to include majority, unanimity, or plaurality |
| Define Majority? | Voting Decision Making method that the vote decides |
| Define unanimity? | Voting Decision Making method where the vote is from everyone agreeing |
| Define plaurality? | Voting Decision Making method that the majority is not reached, but a decision is made regardless |
| Define Autocratic? | Decision Making method 1 person makes the decision |
| What is decision making? | what to do w/the data |
| What does the work performance report deliver? | overall status report of project |
| what performance item gets compared against the plan? | work performance data |
| What is the PERT formulas? | Beta, Standard Deviation, Triangle Distribution, |
| Define Beta? | PERT formula O(4*R+P)/6 |
| Define Standard Deviation? | PERT formula (P-O)/6 |
| Define Triangle Distribution? | PERT formula (O+R+P)/3 |
| Formula for BAC? | Budget at Completion is given, no formula |
| Formula for PV? | Planned Value (Time worked/total work to do) is Planned % Complete * BAC |
| Formula for EV? | Earned Value Actual % Complete * BAC |
| Formula for AC? | Actual Cost is given, no formula |
| Formula for CV? | Cost Variance = EV-AC |
| Formula for CPI? | Cost Performance Index = EV/AC |
| Formula for SV? | Schedule Variance = EV - PV |
| Formula for SVI? | Schedule Performance Index = EV/PV |
| Formula for EAC? | Estimate At Completion = BAC/CPI |
| Formula for ETC? | Estimate To Complete = EAC-AC |
| Formula for VAC? | Variance At Complete = BAC-EAC |
| Formula for TCPI? | To Complete Performance Index (BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC) |
| What to do with conflict of interest? | Ethics Rule - Reported to management, no need to stop project work |
| What to do w/gifts? | Ethics Rule -No acceptance of gifts unless Custom or Law of country |
| What to do w/Permissions? | Ethics Rule - if you need it, get it or don't use it and never use copyright works |
| What to do w/misrepresentation of PMI? | Ethics Rule - report to PMI |
| What to do w/harmful to PMI? | Ethics Rule - report to PMI |
| To resolve resource constraints, what is the best thing to do? | Resource Leveling Technique by adjusting project schedule |
| To resolve over-allocations what is the best thing to do? | Resource Leveling Technique |
| Resource Leveling Technique? | Adjusting project schedule by adjusting start & finish dates based on resource constraints |
| What is the impact to the schedule when using the resource leveling technique? | Causes project finish date to be delayed changing the critical path |
| Resource Smoothing technique? | pushes tasks w/in their float |
| When time constraints are higher priority, what project management scheduling technique to use? | resource smoothing technique |
| Project Management Scheduling techniques? | Done during develop Schedule Process - Critical Path Method, PERT, Resource Leveling, Schedule Compression, Resource Leveling/smoothing, Monte Carlo Simulation, Gantt charts (bar charts) |
| Critical Path Method? | Proj Mgmt Scheduling Technique - develop Schedule - Identifies longest sequence of dependent activities to determine the minimum project duration & task flexibility (float) |
| PERT Method? | Proj Mgmt Scheduling Technique - develop Schedule -to analyze activity duration uncertainty - Uses three-point estimating (Bets, Standard Deviation, Triangle) optimistic, Pessimistic and most likely |
| Resource Leveling/smoothing? | Proj Mgmt Scheduling Technique - develop Schedule -to balance demand w/supply - Adjusts start/finish dates based on resource constraints |
| Schedule Compression? | Proj Mgmt Scheduling Technique - develop Schedule - Methods to shorten schedule w/out changing scope (Crashing - add resources to critical tasks to reduce duration (+ cost) fast-tracking - performs tasks in parallel would be done in sequence (+ risk) |
| Monte Carlo Simulation? | Proj Mgmt Scheduling Technique - develop Schedule - A computer technique that simulates project outcomes thousands of times to determine the probability of meeting deadlines |
| What technique are crashing and fast-tracking? | Project Management Scheduling techniques - schedule compression |
| Gantt Charts (Bar Charts)? | Project Management Scheduling techniques - Done in Develop Schedule Process - Visual representations of the schedule, showing start/finish dates, dependencies and progress |
| CPI .93 means what? | 7% over budget |
| SPI 1.1 means what? | Ahead of Schedule |
| When over budget and ahead of schedule, what can we assume has been done? | Resource Leveling - specifically adding Resources -Crashing since that moves the schedule ahead, and it increases cost |
| Does fast tracking increase costs? | No |
| Does resource leveling increase costs? | No |
| are fast-tracking & resource leveling the same technique? | No, can be used together though - Fast tracking is a scheduling compression technique used to shorted duration running tasks in parallel - without changing scope resource leveling is scheduling technique to balance resource demand w/availability |
| Does fast tracking increase risk? | Yes, leading to rework |
| Which scheduling technique to use when addressing over-allocation or scarcity? | Resource Leveling, delaying tasks/stretching schedule to match available resources |
| Focus of fast tracking? | Time-Driven |
| Focus of Resource Leveling? | Resource Management |
| What does Resource Leveling lead to? | extends project timeline |
| When need to meet a strict deadline or catch up on a delayed schedule, which scheduling technique to use? | Fast-Tracking |
| When team member is overloaded or over-allocated, which scheduling technique to use? | Resource Leveling |
| When the result of scheduling technique adjusts tasks w/in their free float to avoid over-allocation w/out changing the project finish date, which one is it? | Resource smoothing |
| What will trace the requirements back to their origins? | Requirements Traceability Matrix |
| Does the project scope statement include where requirements came from? | No, the Requirements Traceability Matrix |
| Does the scope baseline include where requirements came from? | No, the Requirements Traceability Matrix |
| Does the requirements documentation include where requirements came from? | No, Requirements Traceability Matrix |
| Where to add that something is mandatory? | Requirements Traceability Matrix - it includes where requirements came from |
| What is The conflict resolution technique, when they postpone the issue to a later date to be better prepared? | withdrawal |
| What is The conflict resolution technique, when the two sides reach an agreement but both sides have to give up something. | Compromise |
| Describe The product scope? | features and functionality of the product |
| Describe The project scope? | how to get the features and functionality from that product |
| What earned value formula is required to provide the status of the budget w/ BAC 5k EV 1750 AC 2900 and what does the status say? | CPI is required to know budget status these figures = 40% over budget |
| What shows the availability of resources, both physical and team? | The resource calendar |
| Once a change has been approved, it is then moved to what? | the direct and manage project work process for implementation. |
| Verify scope is done when what happens? | all the deliverables are completed and require stakeholders’ acceptance |
| Since they choose another contractor, they cannot get delayed by that particular contractor, what risk response is this? | Avoidance |
| Define Avoidance? | Risk Response - when you go down a different path all together. The risk is eliminated and cannot happen. |
| Define Acceptance? | Risk Response - is taking no action against the risk and accepting the outcome. |
| Define Exploit? | Risk Response - is for a positive risk that will ensure the risk takes place. |
| Define Mitigation? | Risk Response - is done to reduce the risk probability and/or impact. |
| what are the Risk Responses? | Avoid, Accept, Mitigate. Exploit |
| A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is where? | the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays a fixed price for the work. |
| A time and materials contract is where? | the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays the sellers for the time they spent doing the work, and this contract has the highest risk to the buyers. |
| Which contract has hightes risk? | Time And Materials |
| Which contract does the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays a fixed price for the work? | A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract |
| Which contract does the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays the sellers for the time they spent doing the work, | A time and materials contract this contract has the highest risk to the buyers. |
| Conflict w/seller & team, what to do first? | Review the contract |
| Define Plan Procurement management? | select what needs to be procured and how to conduct the procurement. |
| Define Conduct procurement? | It is done to select a seller and award a contract. |
| Define Control procurement is when what? | the agreement has already been signed and the contractor is completing the work, and the contractor should be paid according to the terms in the contract. |
| What process is associated w/the activity of payments to contractors? | M&C - Control Procurement |
| What does the process Control Procurement focus on? | Managing Procurement relationships - ensuring deliverables are inspected, verified, and approved before payments are directly linked to the work accomplished per the contract |
| During what process will the project manager will develop an approach to involve the stakeholders to meet their expectations, interest, and potential impact on the project? | plan stakeholder engagement |
| During what process, is establishing who the stakeholders are on the project and what their interests will be their interest? | Identify stakeholder |
| During what process is to create a plan to ensure that all stakeholders are receiving the correct communications? | Plan communications |
| During what process wheere engagements are done to communicate with the stakeholders to meet their needs? | Manage stakeholders |
| In what process is where the tool of financing is used to seek funding for the project.? | determine budget |
| What process is used to create the cost management plan? | Plan cost management |
| If the activities have been assigned costs, then the process of what is completed? | estimate costs |
| After estimate costs where activities have been assigned costs, what is The next process? | determine budget and use the cost aggregation tool to integrate all the activities into the overall budget of the project. |
| Are The tools of bottom-up estimation and parametric estimation used to determine a budget? | No |
| Do you need an expert in order to aggregate costs? | No |
| Do you need an expert to help determine the costs? | Possibly |
| What process does the team's performance assessment get done? | Monitor & Control Project Work - comparing actual against plan, tracking KPIs and taking corrective actions |
| What is done to accomplish the team's performance assessment? | track performance, provide feedback, resolve issues, manage team changes - it focuses on improving team interaction & performance |
| What does develop team process accomplish? | used to improve competencies, team member interaction, overall team environment to enhance project performance |
| What process does the team's performance assessment get discussed w/the team? | Manage Team, Executing |
| What is the focus in Control Resources process? | it is about physical resources - materials, equipment |
| Statistically Independent? | No linkage No influence Events or processes mean that the occurrence or outcome of one event does not affect the probability of the other even occuring |
| In what knowledge are is the statistically independent crucial? | Identifying Risks & Calculating Probabilities (risk Management) Activity Durations |
| When a change request is outside of the scope, what is the response? | Inform the stakeholder that this change request should be considered a new project |
Created by:
Bentley525