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environmental sce
study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the population? | the members of a species that live in the same area |
| in an ecosystem, the sun is a(n)....factor | abiotic |
| Are Organisms multicellular or unicellular? | unicellular |
| In an ecosystem a group of different populations make up a | community |
| A species contains organisms that | can interbreed and produce fetile offspring |
| All of the populations in a given area | community |
| If a substance is "abiotic" it is | nonliving |
| All of the organisms of the same species that live in a given area | population |
| All of the ecosystems on earth | Biosphere |
| a group of organisms that belong to the same species living in a given area | population |
| a nonliving factor in an ecosystem | abiotic factor |
| a seasonal movement of organisms into and out of an area | migration |
| all of the ecosystems on Earth, a thin layer on and around the earth where life can exist | biosphere |
| all of the organisms living in a given area plus the abiotic factors that affect their lives | ecosystem |
| any factor in an ecosystem that is or has been alive | biotic factor |
| anything an organism needs to live including nutrition, water shelter, etc. | resource |
| area where an organism lives, a specific environment in which an organism lives | habitat |
| describes the number of individual organisms in a given population per unit area | population density |
| describes the number of individual organisms in a given population at a given time | population size |
| factors that control the size of a population | limiting factors |
| group of organisms that share many common characteristics and are able to breed and produce fertile offspring | community |
| a large group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms | biome |
| groups of organisms of different species living in a given area, group of interacting populations | community |
| The place where an organism lives and that has the resources the organism needs is its | habitat |
| population distribution in which organisms are arranged in no particular order | random |
| population distribution in which organisms are evenly spaced throughout an area | uniform |
| population distribution in which organisms arrange themselves according to the availability of resources | clumped |
| the arrival of organisms from outside of an area | immigration |
| the departure of organisms from a given area | emigration |
| the maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can support | Carrying capacity |
| the role of an organism in its environment | niche |
| roofs are very sensitive to changes in their environment and act as "canaries in a coalmine" to warn of dangerous changes in the world's oceans. | coral reefs |
| are bodies of water (like Lake Pontchartrain), partly enclosed by land that occur where fresh water from land drainage meets the water of an ocean or inland sea. | estuaries |
| are wetlands characterized by low nutrients, and thick floating mats of vegetation | bog |
| describes day to day atmospheric conditions that occur in a biome. | Weather |
| Permafrost can be found in | Tundra |
| describes the average conditions of an area over a long period of time. | climate |
| measures the amount of salts dissolved in water | salinity |
| are cone bearing, evergreen trees. | conifers |
| is a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plants and animal communities. | biome |
| refers to weather conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and winds in an area over a long period of time | climate |
| A thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year is | permafrost |
| A tree that loses its leaves in the fall and goes dormant during the winter is referred to as a(n)...tree | deciduous |
| A tree that produces seed bearing cones is called a(n) | conifers |
| Climatographs are useful tools in describing a biome's climate. They typically show patterns in annual | precipitation and temperature |
| Nearly all of the nutrients present in a tropical rain forest are contained in the | trees, vines, and other plants. |
| Spanish moss and orchids are examples of | epiphytes |
| The ____is made up of the tallest trees that pop through the canopy of a tropical rainforest | emergent layer |
| The ..... layer of the rain forest consists of a dense covering formed by tall trees.. | canopy |
| The......layer of a rainforest contains very few plants due to a lack of nutrients. | Forest floor |
| The___ layer of a rainforest is composed of shorter trees and shrubs | understory |
| The___layer of a tropical rainforest that pops up above the canopy. | emergent |
| The__layer of the rainforest receives the most sunlight | canopy |
| The organic matter, or biomass, that remains after cellular respiration is the | net primary production |
| What is the extended period of deep, sleep-like inactivity an animal enters during hot, dry conditions? | estivation |
| What is the extended period of deep, sleep-like inactivity that an animal enters for the winter? | hibernation |
| What is the frozen underground soil found in the tundra? | permacrost |
| Which type of organisms keep their leaves and continue photosynthesis year-round? | coniferous |
| Which type of trees lose their leaves and go dormant during the winter? | deciduous |
| What is the illegal capture or killing of an organism? | Poaching |
| What describes differences in DNA among individuals? | Genetic diversity |
| What is the number or variety of ecosystems in an area? | Ecosystem diversity |
| What is the number or variety of species in an area? | Species diversity |
| What is the variety of life at all levels? | Biodiversity |
| What type of ecosystem has high biodiversity and resists disturbances? | Healthy ecosystem |
| What ecosystem can avoid change without losing function? | Resistant ecosystem |
| What ecosystem can recover after change? | Resilient ecosystem |
| What is a species at serious risk of extinction? | Endangered species |
| What is a species critical to ecosystem function? | Keystone species |
| What is a species found only in one area? | Endemic species |
| What is a species likely to become endangered soon? | Threatened species |
| What is a non-native species that harms ecosystems? | Invasive species |
| Are invasive species always accidental? | No |
| Biodiversity tends to do what is near the equator? | increase |
| Climate change has what impact on biodiversity? | Negative impacts |
| What process forms a zygote? | Fertilization |
| Leading cause of biodiversity loss? | Habitat destruction |
| How does speciation increase biodiversity? | Creates new species |
| What is local disappearance of a species? | Extirpation |
| What is breeding organisms in controlled conditions? | Captive breeding |
| Tigers and lions belong to the same what? | genus |
| Traveling to support conservation is called? | ecotourism |
| Causes of biodiversity loss? | Habitat loss, pollution, climate change, invasive species, overharvesting |
| What increases biodiversity? | Mutation, speciation, diverse habitats |
| Exotic species that damage ecosystems? | Invasive species |
| Many extinctions in a short time are called? | mass extinction |
| What is something that harms human health? | Hazard |
| Poison that attacks nervous system? | Neurotoxin |
| Disease spread worldwide? | pandemic |
| Agent that causes cancer? | carcinogen |
| Organism that spreads disease? | vector |
| Disease-causing agent? | pathogen |
| Are emergent diseases more dangerous today? Why? | Yes – faster spread (travel, population, environment) |
| UV radiation is what type of hazard? | Physical hazard |
| John Snow is father of what? | Epidemiology |
| Can any chemical be harmful in large amounts? | Yes |
| Chemicals that harm embryos? | Teratogens |
| Why was DDT banned? | Bioaccumulation / harms wildlife |
| Why are emergent diseases dangerous? | New, spread fast, no immunity |
| How do infectious diseases spread? | Air, contact, water, vectors |
| Clean water prevents what? | Waterborne diseases |
| Environment’s effect on health? | Environmental health |
| Amount of toxin exposure? | Dose |
| Toxin increases up food chain? | Biomagnification |
| Measure of how harmful a substance is? | Toxicity |
| Build-up of toxins in organism? | Bioaccumulation |
| Study of poisons? | Toxicology |
| Study of disease spread? | Epidemiology |
| Types of environmental hazards? | Biological, chemical, physical, cultural |
| U.S. agency for disease outbreaks? | CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) |
| What should you NOT avoid (for heart health)? | Exercise |
| Pollution is what hazard? | Chemical hazard |
| Second-hand smoke is what hazard? | Chemical hazard |
| How to reduce risk of infectious disease? | Wash hands, vaccines, avoid sick people, clean water |
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