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5086 50 Behavior Ter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What field studies human behavior and mental processes? | Psychology |
| What field studies human society and group behavior? | Sociology |
| What process teaches people the norms and values of society? | Socialization |
| What is the most important early agent of socialization? | Family |
| What type of interaction is crucial for children to become socialized? | Adult interaction |
| What term describes shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors? | Culture |
| What term describes the rules and expectations of a society? | Norms |
| What term describes deeply held ideas about what is important? | Values |
| What term describes a person’s social position in a group? | Status |
| What term describes expected behavior connected to a status? | Role |
| What term describes conflict between expectations from different roles? | Role conflict |
| What term describes a major organized part of society? | Social institution |
| What major social institution organizes beliefs about the sacred? | Religion |
| What major social institution teaches knowledge and social norms? | Education |
| What major social institution organizes production and distribution? | Economy |
| What major social institution creates and enforces laws? | Government |
| What term describes a smaller culture within a larger culture? | Subculture |
| What term describes a group that rejects dominant cultural values? | Counterculture |
| What term describes judging another culture by your own culture’s standards? | Ethnocentrism |
| What term means understanding a culture by its own standards? | Cultural relativism |
| What is an oversimplified belief about a group? | Stereotype |
| What is a negative attitude toward a group? | Prejudice |
| What is unfair action against a group? | Discrimination |
| What term describes ranking people by wealth, power, or status? | Social stratification |
| What term describes movement between social classes? | Social mobility |
| Which thinker argued that capitalism creates class conflict? | Karl Marx |
| According to Marx, what conflict shapes modern society? | Class conflict |
| In Marx’s theory, what class owns the means of production? | Bourgeoisie |
| In Marx’s theory, what class sells labor for wages? | Proletariat |
| What term describes workers feeling separated from their labor? | Alienation |
| Which thinker is associated with anomie and social order? | Emile Durkheim |
| What term describes normlessness or breakdown of social rules? | Anomie |
| What term describes a large formal organization with rules and hierarchy? | Bureaucracy |
| What term describes people acting differently in crowds than alone? | Deindividuation |
| What term describes doing less work when in a group? | Social loafing |
| What term describes groups becoming more extreme after discussion? | Group polarization |
| What term describes blaming a group for problems? | Scapegoating |
| What psychological task is most important during adolescence? | Identity formation |
| Which psychologist is associated with psychosocial development? | Erik Erikson |
| Which stage involves forming identity during adolescence? | Identity vs role confusion |
| What category of mental disorders is most common in the United States? | Anxiety disorders |
| What disorder involves persistent sadness and loss of interest? | Depression |
| What disorder involves hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized thinking? | Schizophrenia |
| What disorder involves extreme mood swings? | Bipolar disorder |
| What term describes long-term unhealthy patterns in personality? | Personality disorder |
| Who is most associated with psychoanalysis and the unconscious mind? | Sigmund Freud |
| What part of the mind contains thoughts outside awareness? | Unconscious |
| In Freud’s theory, what part seeks immediate pleasure? | Id |
| In Freud’s theory, what part follows reality and reason? | Ego |
| In Freud’s theory, what part represents conscience and morality? | Superego |
| Who is most associated with operant conditioning? | B. F. Skinner |
| What type of learning uses rewards and punishments? | Operant conditioning |
| What increases behavior by adding a reward? | Positive reinforcement |
| What increases behavior by removing something unpleasant? | Negative reinforcement |
| What decreases the likelihood of a behavior? | Punishment |
Created by:
rockcastle