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vascular pathology
vascular and lymphatic system pathology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aphasia | lack or impairment of the ability to form or understand speech. Less severe forms include dysphasia (difficulty with pronunciation) and synarthria |
| apraxia | inability to perform purposeful movements or to use objects appropriately. Result of damage to cerebrum leaving patient unable to accomplish desired movement |
| ataxia | lack of coordination. A result of damage to the cerebellum that leaves the patient unable to coordinate muscle movements |
| cerebral infarction | tissue death within the brain. may be the result of a hemorrhage or a blockage (thrombosis or embolus) also called "cerebrovascular accident" or "stroke" |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | an escape of blood within the tissues of the brain. Can cause headache, vomiting, seizures, confusion, weakness and particularly paralysis on one side of the body |
| monoplegia | paralysis of one limb on the left or right side of the body. if the prefix is replaced with hemi- it refers to entire left or right half of the body. if -paresis, it is slight paralysis |
| subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) | an escape of blood into the cavity between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater covering the CNS |
| aortic aneurysm | localized dilation of the aorta caused by a congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of the vessel due to atherosclerosis or hypertension. May be thoracic or an abdominal aortic aneurysm. if referred to as dissecting it has a tear |
| arteriosclerosis | disease in which the arterial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity, without the presence of atheromas |
| intermittent claudication | Cramp-like pains in the calves resulting in limping, caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles. "intermittent" means the patient experiences it at irregular intervals |
| peripheral arterial occlusion | blockage of blood flow to the extremities. Acute or chronic conditions may be present, but patients with both types are likely to have underlying atherosclerosis. occlusion means blockage |
| Raynaud's syndrome | idiopathic disease of the peripheral vascular system that causes bilateral intermittent cyanosis/erythema/numbness of the distal ends of the fingers and toes. almost exclusively in young women. secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or trauma. |
| vasculitis | inflammation of the blood vessels. also called "angitis" |
| esophageal varices | varicose veins that appear at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension; they are superficial and may cause ulceration and bleeding |
| hemorrhoid | varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins that causes painful swelling at the anus |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of either deep veins (deep vein thrombosis/DVT) or superficial veins (superficial vein thrombosis/SVT) with the formation of one or more blood clots. If no blood clots, termed simply "phlebitis" |
| varicose veins | elongated, dilated superficial veins (varices) with incompetent valves that permit reverse blood flow. |
| gangrene | death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply |
| hypotension | condition of below-normal blood pressure. orthostatic hypotension occurs when a patient experiences an episode of low blood pressure upon rising to a standing position. idiopathic hypotension has no known cause |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation of a lymph node |
| lymphadenopathy | disease of the lymph nodes or vessels that may be localized or generalized |
| lymphangiectasis | a superficial dilation of lymphatic vessels |
| lymphangitis | inflammation of lymph vessels |
| lymph edema | accumulation of lymphatic fluid and resultant swelling caused by obstruction, removal, or hypoplasia of lymph vessels |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen. most common causes are infections, such as mononucleosis |
| atrial myxoma | benign growth usually occurring on the interatrial septum |
| hemangioma | noncancerous tumor of the blood vessels. may be congenital ("stork bite") or may develop later in life |
| thymoma, benign | noncancerous tumor of epithelial origin that is often associated with myasthenia gravis |
| cardiac myxosarcoma | rare cancer of the heart usually originating in the left atrium |
| hamangiosarcoma | rare cancer of the cells that line the blood vessels |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | also termed "Hodgkin disease", this cancer is diagnosed by the detection of a type of cell specific only to this disorder; Reed-Sternberg cells. |
| non-Hodgkin lymphoma | a collection of all other lymphatic cancers but Hodgkin lymphomas. This type is the more numerous of the two lymphomas and is the sixth most common type of cancer in the U.S. |
| thymoma, malignant | also termed "thymic carcinoma", this rare malignancy of the thymus gland is particularly invasive and, unlike its benign form, is not associated with autoimmune disorders |
| arteriorrhaphy | suture of an artery |
| endarterectomy | removal of the atheromatous plaque from the inner lining of an artery |
| phlebectomy | removal of a vein. if termed "ambulatory", it is a procedure to remove superficial varicose veins |
| phlebography | process of x-ray recording a vein after injection of a contrast medium |
| phlebotomy | literally cutting of a vein for the purpose of collecting blood. also called "venipuncture". |
| sclerotherapy | intravenous injection of a chemical substance to treat varicose veins |
| venotripsy | process of crushing a vein to control bleeding |
| lymphadenectomy | to cut out part or all of a lymph gland. usually performed as part of treatment for a malignant neoplasm |
| lymphangiography | imaging of lymph vessels and glands after the injection of a contrast medium to increase the visibility of the area being studied. May be done in conjunction with a lymph node biopsy to determine the possible spread of cancer |
| splenectomy | to cut out part or all of the spleen to treat splenomegaly or a ruptured spleen. |
| splenopexy | fixing a spleen that is out of place because of trauma or a congenital condition |
| thymectomy | to cut out part or all of the thymus gland to treat cancer or myasthenia gravis |
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