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A.G.:C.14.
Domestic and Foreign Policy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Focusing Event | major happening that attracts widespread media attention to an issue |
| Policy agenda | issues that the media covers, the public considers important, and politicians address |
| Cost-benefit analysis | typically, complex study of the projected costs and benefits associated w a proposed policy |
| Policy window | a figurative description of the opportunity- often brief, measured in days or weeks rather than years- to pass a bill in Congress of a state legislature |
| Gross domestic product | value of all the goods and services produced in a nation over a year |
| Federal poverty line | annually specified level of income below which people are considered to live in poverty, and eligible for certain federal benefits |
| Entitlement program | government benefit program whose recipients are entitled by law to receive payments |
| Fiscal policy | taxing and spending policies carried out by government in an effort to affect national economical development |
| Monetary policy | actions of central banks designed primarily to maximize employment and moderate inflation |
| Federal budget deficit | gap between revenues received by the national government and spending on all public programs |
| Fiscal year ( President's budget proposal) | in budget calculations, the "new year" beginning October 1 and ending the following September 30 |
| Budget resolution | joint House-Senate creation that outlines targets for federal spending, revenue levels, and the resultant budget deficit (or surplus) for the coming fiscal year |
| Discretionary programs | non-entitlement program spending, subject to the decision of Congress each year |
| Continuing resolution | congressionally approved act required when no national budget has been passed before the start of a new fiscal year, extends spending at current levels for a prescribed period of time |
| Primacy | doctrine asserting that the United States should maintain an unrivaled military |
| Realism | doctrine holding that nation-states seek to amass power to ensure their self-preservatio |
| Liberalism | a doctrine that views nation-states as benefitting most from mutual cooperation aided by international organizations |
| Security trap | using military force often produces a backlash |
| Soft power | influence a nation exerts through culture and commerce: a contrast to attempted influence through force |
| Trade deficit | deficit arising when a nation imports more goods from foreign nations than it exports to them |
| Free trade | goods and services should move across international boundaries without government interference |
| Protectionsism | efforts to protect local business from foreign compeition |
| World Trade Organization | an international organization that oversees efforts to open markets and promote free trade |
| Fair trade | trade that emphasizes the inclusion of environmental and labor protections in agreements so that nations do not receive unfair advantages by exploiting workers or harming the environment |
| American exceptionalism | the view that the United States is unique, marked by a distinct st of ideas such as equality, self-rule, and limited government |
| Theory of Democratic Peace | strongly democratic nations are less likely to engage in wars with one another |
| War Powers Act | legislation passed in 1973 to increase congressional involvement in undeclared wars. Congress required to approve military action by the president within sixty days |
| Grand strategy | overarching vision that defines and guides a nation's foreign policy |
| Isolationism | view that America should remain free from wars and most other international engagements |
| Unilateralism | doctrine holding that the United States should act independently of other nations |
| Multilateralism | doctrine that emphasizes operating together with other nations to pursue common goals |
| Containtment | American Cold War strategy designed to stop the spread of communism |
| Multilateral organization | international organization of three or more nations organized around a common goal |
| Preemptive war | effort to attack hostile powers before they launch attacks |
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