Question 1

cell membrane

Accepted Answer

a flexible covering that protects
the inside of a cell from the environment outside th cell

Question 2

active transport

Accepted Answer

the movement of substances
through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy

Question 3

cell theory

Accepted Answer

: the theory that states that all living
things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the
smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from
preexisting cells.

Question 4

carbohydrate

Accepted Answer

a macromolecule made up of one or
more sugar molecules, which are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; usually the body’s
major source of energy

Question 5

cell wall

Accepted Answer

a stiff structure outside the cell
membrane that protects a cell from attack by
viruses and other harmful organisms

Question 6

cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

the liquid part of a cell inside the cell
membrane; contains salts and other molecules.
 the liquid part of a cell inside the cell
membrane; contains salts and other molecules.

Question 7

cytoskeleton

Accepted Answer

a network of threadlike proteins
joined together that gives a cell its shape and helps it move

Question 8

chloroplast

Accepted Answer

a membrane-bound organelle that
uses light energy and makes food—a sugar called
glucose—from water and carbon dioxide in a
process known as photosynthesis.

Question 9

cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

series of chemical reactions
that convert the energy in food molecules into a
usable form of energy called ATP.

Question 10

diffusion

Accepted Answer

he movement of substances from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.

Question 11

endocytosis

Accepted Answer

the process during which a cell takes
in a substance by surrounding it with the cell
membrane.

Question 12

exocytosis:

Accepted Answer

he process during which a cell’s
vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

Question 13

facilitated diffusion

Accepted Answer

the process by which
molecules pass through a cell membrane using
special proteins called transport proteins

Question 14

fermentation

Accepted Answer

a reaction that eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from
food when oxygen levels are low.

Question 15

glycolysis:

Accepted Answer

a process by which glucose, a sugar, is
broken down into smaller molecules.

Question 16

macromolecule

Accepted Answer

substance that forms from joining
many small molecules together.

Question 17

lipid

Accepted Answer

a large macromolecule that does not dissolve In water

Question 18

nucleic acid

Accepted Answer

a macromolecule that forms when
long chains of molecules called nucleotides join
together.

Question 19

nucleus

Accepted Answer

part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell
activity and contains genetic information stored in
DNA.

Question 20

organelle:

Accepted Answer

membrane-surrounded component of a
eukaryotic cell with a specialized function.

Question 21

osmosis

Accepted Answer

the diffusion of water molecules only
through a membrane

Question 22

protein:

Accepted Answer

long chain of amino acid molecules;
contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur.

Question 23

passive transport:

Accepted Answer

the movement of substances
through a cell membrane without using the cell’s
energy.

Question 24

photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

a series of chemical reactions that
convert light energy, water, and CO2 into the food-
energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen

Question	Answer
cell membrane	a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside th cell
active transport	the movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy
cell theory	: the theory that states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells.
carbohydrate	a macromolecule made up of one or more sugar molecules, which are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; usually the body’s major source of energy
cell wall	a stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms
cytoplasm	the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane; contains salts and other molecules. the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane; contains salts and other molecules.
cytoskeleton	a network of threadlike proteins joined together that gives a cell its shape and helps it move
chloroplast	a membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food—a sugar called glucose—from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis.
cellular respiration	series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
diffusion	he movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
endocytosis	the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.
exocytosis:	he process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell.
facilitated diffusion	the process by which molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins
fermentation	a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low.
glycolysis:	a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules.
macromolecule	substance that forms from joining many small molecules together.
lipid	a large macromolecule that does not dissolve In water
nucleic acid	a macromolecule that forms when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together.
nucleus	part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activity and contains genetic information stored in DNA.
organelle:	membrane-surrounded component of a eukaryotic cell with a specialized function.
osmosis	the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane
protein:	long chain of amino acid molecules; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
passive transport:	the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy.
photosynthesis	a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into the food- energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen

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