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orgo 4/30 pt 2

QuestionAnswer
ethylene glycol, acid forms a cyclic acetal-like ring; the product is a protected carbonyl-style cyclic structure rather than the open-chain diol
appropriate alkyl halide / alkoxide combination for ether formation makes an ether by replacing a leaving group with an oxygen-containing group
acid plus heat for making ethers from alcohols gives an ether, often with a simple alcohol group becoming part of the new ether bond
NaOH, H2O with a strained epoxide opens the epoxide ring and gives a larger, more open alcohol product
OsO4, then workup turns an alkene into a diol, adding two OH groups to the same side
B2H6 / diglyme, then H2O2 / NaOH changes an alkene into an alcohol with the OH on the less substituted carbon
CH3CO3H, then NaOH / H2O converts an alkene into a diol through epoxide formation and opening
CH3CH2MgBr, then H2O adds an ethyl group and opens ethylene oxide to make a longer primary alcohol
CH3OH, H2SO4 adds methoxy under acidic conditions, giving an ether-type product
CH3MgBr, ether, then H3O+ adds a methyl group to a carbonyl and gives a more substituted alcohol
H2O, HgSO4, H2SO4 changes an alkyne into a ketone
benzene + 2-methyloxirane, AlCl3 opens the epoxide and gives an alcohol-containing aromatic side chain product
K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, H2O turns a secondary alcohol into a ketone
H2O, HgSO4, H2SO4 turns an alkyne into a ketone
O3, then H2O cuts a double bond into smaller carbonyl fragments
LiAlH4, then H2O reduces carbonyl-type functional groups to alcohols
H2, Lindlar catalyst, then H2SO4, H2O partially reduces an alkyne first, then gives a ketone after hydration
H2O, H+ hydrolyzes protecting groups like acetals back to the carbonyl compound
excess CH3OH, catalytic H2SO4 converts an aldehyde or ketone into an acetal, which protects the carbonyl and replaces the C
H2O, H+ on a nitrile converts the nitrile into a carboxylic acid
H2O, H+ on an ester converts the ester into a carboxylic acid plus an alcohol
H2O, H+ on an acetal removes the protection and restores the aldehyde or ketone
H2SO4, alcohol, heat makes a Fischer esterification product; the acid and alcohol become an ester plus water
acid hydrolysis of a cyclic acetal breaks the ring and regenerates the original carbonyl compound
H2SO4, alcohol Fischer esterification, turning a carboxylic acid into an ester
H218O, HCl exchanges oxygen in the carboxylic acid under acidic conditions
aqueous acid on a nitrile converts the nitrile into a carboxylic acid
method for benzoic acid from an alkyl benzene side chain oxidizes the side chain all the way to a carboxylic acid
method for cyclopentanecarboxylic acid from bromocyclopentane forms a carboxylic acid only if the carbon skeleton is built correctly first
method for 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid changes the starting group into a carboxylic acid without changing the carbon framework
lactone-forming hydroxy acid cyclizes to form an ester ring and loses the open-chain acid/alcohol form
Created by: lily_scav
 

 



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