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TOP Ch. 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basis for self-understanding; forms your answer to question, "Who am I?" | self-concept |
| how you feel about who you are; overall evaluation of one's worth; your general evaluation of your self-concept along a good-bad or like-dislike dimension | self-esteem |
| the self we present to others, which may not always match one's self-concept | social identity |
| infants develop self-concept when they realize | that boundaries exist and develop self-awareness (Rouge test) |
| children ages 3 to 4 describe themselves in ____ terms: basic skills, talents, gender, but they have _____ | concrete, limited perspective taking |
| ages five to six mark the beginning of ____, ____, and ____ | social comparison, private self-concept, learning about secrets and lying |
| adolescence introduces more | complex psychological terms and perspective taking |
| the self-concept | organizes and provides coherence for how we experience the self and guides how we process information |
| cognitive representations of the self-concept (attention, interpretation, memory) | self-schema |
| schemata for selves in the future; many ideas each person has about who they might become, hope to become, or fear they will become | possible selves |
| possible selves: _____ and ____ | influences a person's behavior, working models of ourselves in the future |
| what a person wants to be versus a person's understanding of what others want them to be | ideal self versus ought self |
| mismatch between the real and ideal self | sad, disappointed |
| mismatch between real and ought self | guilty, distressed, anxious |
| Following failure feedback, ___ SE people are more likely to perform poorly and to give up earlier subsequent tasks | low |
| for a ___ SE person, failure feedback spurs them into action on subsequent tasks, where they are less likely to give up, and work just as hard as they did on the first task | high |
| low SE can become a self-perpetuating cycle of | accepting negative evaluations, decreased motivation to do well well, which leads to more failures, which again are accepted as consistent with a low view of self, leading to further giving up and so on |
| low SE cycle | Low SE --> negative interpretation --> withdrawal --> poorer performance --> reinforce low SE |
| social identity provides the | social definition of a person, refers to social knowledge or what others think of a person |
| the anxiety that accompanies efforts to define or redefine one's individuality and social reputation | identity crisis |
| arises when a person has not formed an adequate identity and thus has trouble making major decisions | Identity deficit |
| involves an incompatibility between two or more aspects of personality | identity conflict |
| 3 % prevalence rate in the population - high in openness (magical thinking, perceptual dysregulation, eccentricity, low extraversion (social withdrawal due to fear) | schizotypal |
| extremely rare; may be more common and more severe in males - low in extraversion (detached coldness, social withdrawal due to not caring about people and preferring solitude, anhedonia) | schizoid |
| 1/2 to 2 1/2 of pop.; low in agreeableness (suspiciousness), low in openness (closed-minded, inflexible) | paranoid |
| 2-3% of the population; more frequently diagnosed in women; high in extraversion (attention-seeking, excitement-seeking), low in conscientiousness (rashness, distractibility), high in neuroticism (shamefulness, insecurity) | histrionic |
| diagnosed in 3% males and 1% females; low neuroticism (Fearlessness, shamelessness), low extraversion (detached coldness), low agreeableness (deceitfulness, manipulativeness), callousness, low conscientiousness (irresponsibility) | antisocial |
| less than 1% of the gen pop; low neuroticism (fearlessness, shamelessness, but high if insecure), high extraversion (attention-seeking), low openness (closed-minded), low agreeableness (deceitful, manipulative, grandiosity) | narcissistic |
| approx. 6% of gen pop; high neuroticism (emotional lability, insecurity, helplessness), high extraversion (attention-seeking), low agreeableness (suspiciousness), low conscientiousness (irresponsibility | borderline |
| among the most frequently reported personality disorders; more common in women; high neuroticism (helplessness, shamefulness), high agreeableness (gullibility, submissiveness, selflessness) | dependent |
| (½ to 1% of the population; high neuroticism (insecurity, helplessness, shamefulness), low extraversion (social withdrawal), high agreeableness (submissivenss) | avoidant |
| 1% of the population; high conscientiousness (perfectionism, workaholism), low openness (inflexible, closed-minded), | obsessive-compulsive |
Created by:
alumesi