adds two OH groups to the same side of the alkene to give a cis-1,2-diol

B2H6 / diglyme, then H2O2 / NaOH

converts an alkene into an anti-Markovnikov alcohol; the OH ends up on the less substituted carbon

CH3CO3H, then NaOH / H2O

first forms an epoxide, then opens it to give a trans-1,2-diol

adds a two-carbon ethyl group to ethylene oxide and gives a primary alcohol with a longer chain

promotes SN2 ether formation; one side becomes the nucleophile and replaces a leaving group to form an ether

acid-catalyzed alcohol addition / ether formation

CH3MgBr, ether; then H3O+

adds a methyl group to a carbonyl carbon, converting the carbonyl into a more substituted alcohol

hydrates an alkyne to a ketone; the triple bond is converted into a carbonyl

oxidizes a secondary alcohol to a ketone

ozonolysis cleaves the double bond into carbonyl compounds

strong reduction; converts some carbonyl derivatives into alcohols

H2, Lindlar catalyst, then H2SO4, H2O

partially reduces an alkyne first, then hydrates it to a ketone

acid-catalyzed hydrolysis; usually breaks an acetal back to the carbonyl compound

excess CH3OH, catalytic H2SO4

converts an aldehyde into a dimethyl acetal; the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by two OCH3 groups

H2O, acid catalyst, starting from a nitrile

hydrolyzes the nitrile into a carboxylic acid; the C#N group becomes CO2H

H2O, H+, starting from an ester

hydrolyzes the ester into a carboxylic acid plus alcohol

H2O, H+, starting from an acetal

regenerates the aldehyde or ketone

H2O, H+, starting from an alkene in hydration conditions

adds H and OH across the double bond to make an alcohol

H2SO4, alcohol, and heat

drives Fischer esterification; a carboxylic acid + alcohol becomes an ester + water

H2SO4, H2O, after a cyclic acetal

hydrolyzes the acetal back to the original carbonyl and releases the diol/alcohol used to form it

H2O2, NaOH, after hydroboration

replaces the alkene with an anti-Markovnikov alcohol and keeps the double bond from becoming a ketone

H2SO4, H2O, after hydration of an alkene

gives the Markovnikov alcohol; the OH goes to the more substituted carbon

H2SO4, H2O, after an acetal

breaks the protecting group and gives back the aldehyde/ketone

Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

orgo 4/30

Question	Answer
OsO4	adds two OH groups to the same side of the alkene to give a cis-1,2-diol
B2H6 / diglyme, then H2O2 / NaOH	converts an alkene into an anti-Markovnikov alcohol; the OH ends up on the less substituted carbon
CH3CO3H, then NaOH / H2O	first forms an epoxide, then opens it to give a trans-1,2-diol
CH3CH2MgBr, then H2O	adds a two-carbon ethyl group to ethylene oxide and gives a primary alcohol with a longer chain
CH3OH, CH3ONa	promotes SN2 ether formation; one side becomes the nucleophile and replaces a leaving group to form an ether
CH3OH, H2SO4	acid-catalyzed alcohol addition / ether formation
CH3MgBr, ether; then H3O+	adds a methyl group to a carbonyl carbon, converting the carbonyl into a more substituted alcohol
H2O, HgSO4, H2SO4	hydrates an alkyne to a ketone; the triple bond is converted into a carbonyl
K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, H2O	oxidizes a secondary alcohol to a ketone
O3, then H2O	ozonolysis cleaves the double bond into carbonyl compounds
LiAlH4, then H2O	strong reduction; converts some carbonyl derivatives into alcohols
H2, Lindlar catalyst, then H2SO4, H2O	partially reduces an alkyne first, then hydrates it to a ketone
H2O, H+	acid-catalyzed hydrolysis; usually breaks an acetal back to the carbonyl compound
excess CH3OH, catalytic H2SO4	converts an aldehyde into a dimethyl acetal; the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by two OCH3 groups
H2O, acid catalyst, starting from a nitrile	hydrolyzes the nitrile into a carboxylic acid; the C#N group becomes CO2H
H2O, H+, starting from an ester	hydrolyzes the ester into a carboxylic acid plus alcohol
H2O, H+, starting from an acetal	regenerates the aldehyde or ketone
H2O, H+, starting from an alkene in hydration conditions	adds H and OH across the double bond to make an alcohol
H2SO4, alcohol, and heat	drives Fischer esterification; a carboxylic acid + alcohol becomes an ester + water
H2SO4, H2O, after a cyclic acetal	hydrolyzes the acetal back to the original carbonyl and releases the diol/alcohol used to form it
H2O2, NaOH, after hydroboration	replaces the alkene with an anti-Markovnikov alcohol and keeps the double bond from becoming a ketone
H2SO4, H2O, after hydration of an alkene	gives the Markovnikov alcohol; the OH goes to the more substituted carbon
H2SO4, H2O, after an acetal	breaks the protecting group and gives back the aldehyde/ketone

Created by: lily_scav

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: