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Microbio L19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Digestive Defenses (6) | 1. Lysosomes in saliva 2. Stomach acid (low ph) 3. Mucus 4. Bile (high salt) 5. Lymphoid tissue 6. Flushing movement |
| Microbiome | Takes up space and nutrients |
| Common symptoms during digestive infection | 1. Abdominal pain 2. Diarrhea 3. Gastroenteritis 4. Vomiting 5. Fever 6. Dehydration!! (Hypovolemic shock) |
| Dysentery | painful diarrhea with blood and mucus |
| Gastritis Enteritis | 1. inflammation of stomach 2. inflammation of intestines |
| Common spread | fecal-oral Contaminated food/water/hands |
| What can you do for dehydration? | Rehydration therapy for dehydration |
| Viral digestion infections (3) | 1. Mumps 2. Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) - rotavirus - norovirus 3. Hepatitis A, B, C |
| Mumps | Spread via droplets Infection of salivary glands |
| Mumps Symptoms Treatment | neck swelling, mouth pain, orchitis (and potential infertility) in males MMR vaccine |
| Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Rotavirus | More common in children (fecal-oral and fomites) Lasts 3-6 days |
| Rotavirus Symptoms Treatment | Diarrhea, some vomiting Handwashing and vaccine |
| Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Norovirus | More common in adults Lasts 2-3 days |
| Norovirus Symptoms Treatment | Diarrhea, severe projectile vomiting No vaccine (too fast mutating) Have to wait it out |
| Stomach flu in children is | Rotavirus |
| Stomach flu in children is | Norovirus |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver |
| Hepatitis Symptoms | fever, loss of appetite, chronic fatigue, nausea, jaundice |
| Hepatitis A virus | !!!!!!Fecal-oral, food/waterborne!!!!!!!!!! Killed by heat (proper cooking) Rare ins US (vaccine) common overseas Self-limiting (unless you have a weak liver |
| Hepatitis B virus | !!!!!!Bloodborne, STD, vertical transmission!!!!!!! Long incubation (4-5 months) 90% infections acute and cleared (easy to go away) 10% chronic, liver scarring (cirrhosis) - Ratios are flipped if under 5 - Liver failure and cancer |
| Hepatitis C virus | !!!!!!Bloodborne, STD, vertical transmission!!!!!!! Most common form in US (sharing needles) No vaccine, some new antivirals Cirrhosis and liver failure |
| Hep A Hep B Hep C | Hep A- Food, water, fecal/oral borne, YES VACCINE Hep B- Blood, STD, vertical transmission, YES VACCINE Hep C- Blood, STD, vertical transmission, NO VACCINE |
| Food poisoning: | When you eat something contaminated with a bacterial TOXIN Caused by TOXINS. Example: Botulinum toxin Cooking can't get rid of the toxins |
| Food poisoning symptoms | Quick Symptoms come quick, but will feel better soon Symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, nauseous |
| Foodborne illness: | When you eat something contaminated with an established bacteria Caused by fecal-oral transmission Caused by C. Jejuni Undercooked poultry |
| Foodborne illness symtpoms | Longer Symptoms take a bit, last a week Self limiting, antibiotic treatment sometimes Vomiting, diarrhea, nauseous, FEVER, HEADACHE Rarely: induced autoimmune attack of nerves |
| Food poisoning vs Foodborne illnesses | Food poisoning: CAUSED BY TOXIN. QUICK Foodborne illnesses: CAUSED BY BACTERIA. LONG |
| Shigellosis | Person to person spread, fecal-oral and fomites Common in children |
| Shigellosis Symptoms | Diarrhea and fever (mild dehydration) |
| S. dysentariae makes | shiga toxins |
| S. dysentariae/shiga toxins | Causes dysentery, 10% fatal Can damage kidneys (hemolytic uremic syndrome; blood in urine Treat with antibiotics |
| E.Coli Symptoms too | Common microbiome member, but some bad stains Fecal-oral spread, gastroenteritis, no/mild fever Meat, unpasteurized juices/dairy |
| O157:H7 Strain has | Shiga toxin!! Dysentery and HUS Self limiting, but antibiotic treatment and anti-diarrheal treatment where necessary |
| Cdiff | Common in healthcare settings Spore-former; fecal-oral and fomites Surface decontamination, spored hard to kill |
| Cdiff Symptoms: | diarrhea, fever, pain, colon inflammation (colitis) Leads to colon tears, toxicity in abdomen, death |
| Cdiff treatments: | Treat with rehydration Kickstarted by antibiotic use Drugs kill microbiome, Cdiff spores repopulate So reduce unnecessary antibiotic use!! |
| Giardiasis | Fecal-oral and fomites Food and waterborne Commonly associated with travelers diarrhea Cyst form survive outside host |
| Giardiasis Symptoms Treatment | Symptoms: gas, vomiting, cramps diarrhea Treatment: self-limiting, but antiparasitic drugs available |
| Cryptosporidiosis | Fecal-oral; spread via freshwater Common in lakes, pools, daycares |
| Cryptosporidiosis Symptoms Treatments | Mild diarrhea and vomiting Self limiting, some antiparasitic drugs UV and filtration of the pool! (Chlorine alone is not enough) |
| Tapeworms | Flatworms, segmented “Head attaches to intestinal wall Further segment from “head” released as eggs Passed in stool Spread from eating food contaminated with eggs |
| Hymenolepis | Most common worldwide Accidentally eating contaminated arthroprods (fleas) Don’t require intermediate host; eggs hatch and reproduce individual High worm load, worms about 2 inches long!! |
| Hymenolepis Symptoms | Asymptomatic mostly, but sometimes diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite |
| Taenia | Contaminated beef/pork Eating a cyst causes a worm to grow in human, usually asymptomiac Eating eggs causes larvae to invade eyes and brain, cause blindness and seizures 2-5 long worms!! |
| Hymenolepis vs Taenia | Hymenolepis: Lots of short worms. Comes from eating eggs Taenia: 2-5 long worms. Comes from beef/pork |
| Diphyllobothrium | Contaminated crustaceans and fish Up to 50 feet long in human Severe nutrient deficiency, weight loss, blockage of intestines, diarrhea, anemia CAN’T LEAVE ANY SEGMENTS BEHIND |
Created by:
liladdoyle