Active transport requires energy

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Energy source used by cells

Maintain membrane potential, Electrogenic”: generate voltage across membranes: acts as a source of energy, Created by the unequal concentrations of ions across the membrane (one side from the other

Sodium/Potassium pump

Animal cells regulate relative [Na+ ] and [K+ ] on either side of membrane 3 Na+ pumped out 2 K+ pumped in Creates +1 net charge to the extracellular fluid

Integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across the membrane

The coupling of a favorable movement of one substance with an unfavorable movement of another substance. Uses the energy stored in electrochemical gradients to move substances against their concentration gradient

Sucrose-H+ cotransporter

Plants use cotransport for sugars and amino acids Sucrose travel into cell against its gradient ONLY if coupled with H+ that is diffusing down its electrochemical gradient

Bulk Active Transport: Exocyotosis

Exocytosis: cell releases molecules via vesicles that fuse to plasma membrane. Example: nerve cells releasing neurotransmitters

Bulk Active Transport: Endocyotosis

Uptake of molecules into vesicles from the plasma membrane (think: opposite exocytosis), Phagocytosis (eating), Pinocytosis (drinking), Receptor-mediated (cell being “picky”)

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Ch.7 Membrane

Term	Definition
"Fluid”	membrane held together by weak hydrophobic interactions moves and shifts
"Mosaic”:	comprised of many macromolecules
Carrier proteins	undergo conformational changes for substances to pass
Active transport requires energy	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Energy source used by cells
Pumps	Maintain membrane potential, Electrogenic”: generate voltage across membranes: acts as a source of energy, Created by the unequal concentrations of ions across the membrane (one side from the other
Sodium/Potassium pump	Animal cells regulate relative [Na+ ] and [K+ ] on either side of membrane 3 Na+ pumped out 2 K+ pumped in Creates +1 net charge to the extracellular fluid
Proton pump	Integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across the membrane
Cotransport:	The coupling of a favorable movement of one substance with an unfavorable movement of another substance. Uses the energy stored in electrochemical gradients to move substances against their concentration gradient
Sucrose-H+ cotransporter	Plants use cotransport for sugars and amino acids Sucrose travel into cell against its gradient ONLY if coupled with H+ that is diffusing down its electrochemical gradient
Bulk Active Transport: Exocyotosis	Exocytosis: cell releases molecules via vesicles that fuse to plasma membrane. Example: nerve cells releasing neurotransmitters
Bulk Active Transport: Endocyotosis	Uptake of molecules into vesicles from the plasma membrane (think: opposite exocytosis), Phagocytosis (eating), Pinocytosis (drinking), Receptor-mediated (cell being “picky”)

Created by: nuhaSalim

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