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BMB 4450
Molecular Biology Sections
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Does DNA polymerase I contain exonuclease activity? | yes, both 3' and 5' |
| Does DNA polymerase II contain any exonuclease activity? | yes only 3' |
| Does DNA polymerase III contain any exonuclease activity? | no |
| What DNA polymerase(s) are most likely to have replicase functions? | DNA polymerase III |
| What DNA polymerase(s) are most likely to have DNA repair functions? | DNA polymerase I and II |
| Telomere shortening paired with a loss of p53 can lead to tumorigenesis. How can it be treated? | telomerase inhibitors |
| Telomere shortening paired with an intact p53 can lead to stem cell depletions and senescence/fibrosis inflammation. How can it be treated? | telomerase activators |
| How does the HIV reverse transcriptase work? | viral RNA is used as a template to synthesis viral DNA for viral protein and RNA gene expression |
| What cells are attacked and destroyed by HIV? | CD4 T lymphocytes |
| HIV is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus? | organisms that have an RNA carrier for genetic material |
| What causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS)? | errors in the splicing of LMNA gene |
| What is the LMNA gene? | a gene that encodes for lamina A, a structural protein of the nucleus envelope |
| What are synonymous codons? | codons that code for the same amino acid |
| Where are the anti-codon and amino acid regions situated on a tRNA? | opposite ends |
| What enzyme adds specific amino acids to the tRNA acceptor arm? | aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
| What molecule is required to add an amino acid to a tRNA? | ATP |
| What is a nonsense mutation? | a point mutation that results in an early stop codon |
| What is a missense mutation? | a point mutation that results in a change in amino acid |
| In prokaryotes, does the 30S or 50S subunit contain peptidyl-transferase activity? | 50S |
| What can progress Alzheimer's disease (related to translation)? | phosphorylation of the elongation factor elF2a |
| What are two examples of antibiotics that block translation and specify their targets? | puromycin targets ribosomal site A; kanamycin targets 16S rRNA |
| Point mutations include: | transitions (purine to purine), transversions (purine to pyrimidine), insertions/deletions, microsatellite instabilty |
| Chromosomal mutations include: | chromosomal translocations, aneuploidy, chromosomal deletions |
| Nitrous acid can lead to what type of base conversions? | cytosine to uracil; adenine to hypoxanthine |
| What can be used in cancer treatments to induce base methylation of cancerous DNA? | nitrogen mustard |
| What is an example of epigenetic modification? | methylation |
| What enzymes catalyze Direct Reversal DNA Repair? | DNA photolyase and DNA alkyltransferase |
| What is the function of DNA photolyase? | repairs thymine dimers in plants |
| What is the function of DNA alkyltranferase? | repairs O6-methylguanine adducts |
| Xeroderma pigmentosum is caused because of what DNA repair failure? | thymine dimers and other nucleotide alterations |
Created by:
gracelisabethxo