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Pediatric pt. 2
Neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spina Bifida Description | Congenital neural tube defect most common in the lumbar spine |
| 3 classifications of spina bifida | Occulta Meningocele Myelomeningocele |
| Spina Bifida distinguishing characteristics | Occullta=no external signs/only tuft of hair Myelomeningocele=has sac/cyst protruding on outside of spine |
| Spina bifida etiology-3 | Low FOLIC ACID during pregnancy maternal hyperthermia drug/alcohol ingestion during pregnancy |
| Spina bifida PT intervention | s/p surgery to maximize function/mobility and educate family |
| Spina bifida surgery repair x4 | club foot hip dysplasia scoliosis shunt-alleviate hydrocephalus |
| Spina bifida presentation x 7 | Motor and sensory loss below level of defect hydrocephalus Chiari malformation clubfoot scoliosis bowel and bladder dysfunction learning disabilities |
| Spina bifida prognosis | higher the lesion=worse prognosis good care can lead to normal life expectancy |
| Downs syndrome description | extra chromosome |
| Downs syndrome etiology x4 | unknown BUT thought to be linked to maternal age oocyte age paternal age environmental factors |
| Downs syndrome characteristics x6 | Flattened nasal bridge almond shaped eyes abnormally shaped ears enlarged/protruding tongue flat feet scoliosis |
| Down syndrome intervention x4 | Facilitation techniques to improve hypotonia Protect upper cervical ligaments from being overstretched Monitor vitals and protect the heart from over exertion maximize strength/endurance to maximize function/reduce obesity |
| Down syndrome clinical presentation x6 | HYPOTONIA and laxity of ligaments poor strength congenital heart disease developmental delay intellectual disability variety of musculoskeletal disorders |
| Down syndrome prognosis | lower than normal life expectancy due to cardiac and GI issues, immune system dysfunction, and alzheimers AVERAGE LIFE SPAN 55 y/o |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy description | rapidly progressive neuromuscular degenerative disorder where fat and CP replaces muscle |
| Muscular dystrophy etiology | Genetic disorder ONLY affects MALES but carried by mother Dx- 2-5 y/o |
| Muscular dystrophy characteristics | Gowers Maneuver |
| Muscular dystrophy intervention x6 | adaption strategies as function is lost education AD's respiratory care positioning contracture management |
| Muscular dystrophy presentation x7 | waddling gait proximal muscle weakness clumsiness tow walking hyper lordosis pseudohypertrophy of calf difficulty climbing stairs |
| Muscular dystrophy prognosis | Death in teenage or early 20's |
| Cerebral Palsy description | umbrella term used to describe a group of NON-PROGRESSIVE movement disorders that result from brain damage Second most common neuro impairment seen in children |
| Cerebral Palsy etiology | Damage to the brain of the fetus (80%) or perinatal/postnatal infant (20%) ex. HYPOXIA, ischemia, toxicity, trauma, infection, tumor |
| Cerebral Palsy characteristics | Depending on the location of the injury will determine presentation |
| Cerebral Palsy main intervention strategies x 8 | Normalization of tone, motor learning, developmental milestones , posiitioning, stretching, strengthening, balance, mobility skills |
| Cerebral Palsy surgery | Sometimes needed for hips and scoliosis and contractures |
| Cerebral Palsy clinical presentation x11 | HIGHLY VARIABLE based on extent and location of damage could be high or low tone athetoid or spastic 1-4 extremeties poor postural control high risk for hip dislocations balance impairments intellect vision hearing perception seizures=common |
| Cerebral Palsy prognosis | Permanent disability Mild CP=near normal lifespan 50% of children with CP die by 10 y/o |
| Autism description | Ubrella term for a group of complex brain development disorders with difficulties with SOCIAL INTERACTION, COMMUNICATION, and REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS |
| Autism etiology | not well understood Multifactorial cause of genetics and environmental influences |
| Autism characteristics x8 | Dx around 2-3 y/o speech abnormalities diminished facial expressions poor understanding of nonverbal cues social awkwardness lack of empathy sensory perception abnormalities decreased coordination |
| Autism intervention strategies x4 | multidisciplinary on improving social communication decreasing non-purposeful movements improving balance/coordination sensory integration |
| Autism prognosis/presentation | HIGHLY VARIABLE |
| Legg calve perthes disease description | Childhood disorder of degeneration of the femoral head due to disturbance in the blood supply ex.) avascular necrosis |
| Legg calve perthes disease etiology x5 | genetic predisposition trauma synovitis vascular abnormalities infaction |
| Legg calve perthes disease characteristics | altered gait quality and loss of function due to hip pain |
| Legg calve perthes disease intervention x7 | Relieve pain Improve ROM post operative protocols splinting orthotic devices aquatic therapy exercise all depending on severity |
| Legg calve perthes disease presentation x3 | Pain in the hip, groin, thigh, or knee on affected side Antalgic gait with positive Trendelenburg sign Decreased ROM of affected hip |
| Legg calve perthes disease prognosis | With early treatment, long term prognosis is good |
| 2 months x3 | head up/chest up in prone with some WB through forearms Rolls supine to prone visually tracks 180 degrees |
| 4 months x5 | Bears weight on extended arms pushes up into elbows when in prone Brings hands/feet to mouth good head control/start sitting unsupported needs support in standing |
| 6 months x4 | Rolls prone to supine holds weight on one hand to reach for toys pushes up with straight arms when in prone helps pull to sit/ gets to sitting position w/o help |
| 9 months x4 | gets into quadruped pivots in sitting pulls to stand and lower from stand supported stands at and initiates cruises furniture |
| 12 months x5 | briefly stands unsupported pulls to stand using half kneeling pucks up objects from floor in supported standing walks with handheld support creeps on hands and feet with belly off the floor |
| 15 months x4 | walks unsupported, fast, sideways bends over to look between legs creeps up stairs throws ball in sitting |
| 18 months x2 | squats walks backwards |
| 24 months x2 | goes up/down stairs with one hand, two feet per step kicks/throws forward |
| 30 months x4 | rides tricycle walks on tip toes and runs on toes, hops on one foot descends stairs with alternating feet Catches a large ball |
| 3 years x2 | throws 10 feet and catches small ball walks on line x 10 feet |
| 4 years x2 | hops 10 times on one foot jumps |
| 5 years x3 | skips, gallops, plays hopscotch jumps with rhythm and control (jump rope) Bounces, catches, and kicks large ball with greater coordination |
Created by:
ZanderLuna