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Unit 4 CRLS SG
Unit 4 CRLS guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consensual encounter... | = no suspicion needed |
| Reasonable suspicion... | = stop/detain (terry stop) |
| Probable cause... | = arrest/ serch - need for a search warrant |
| Perponderance of the evidence... | = civil cases only (>51%) |
| Beyond resonable doubt.... | = criminal conviction |
| reasonable suspicion is when a police officer believes a person... | has, or is about to commit a crime |
| What are the 6 rules of the Terry Stop? | 1) Must be in a public space 2) Officers must idenitfy themsleves 3) Officer may demand a person's name/explanation of them 4) Must have reasonable suspicion 5) Must be in the vicinity of the initial stop 6) Must be a reasonable amount of time |
| What is a Terry Frisk | A simple pat down for weapons - not a full search - requires suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous |
| What is hot spot policing? | A strategy where police focus their efforts on small areas --> rather then stopping lots of braod individiuals - blocksm intersections, corners |
| Is hot spot policing effective? | Yes, it is one of the most consistently supported strategies in police research - it reduces crime w/o moving it somewhere else |
| Why is crime consistent over time? | Bc of features of the place, not the people - poor lighting, abandoned buildings, lack of guardianship - enviornmental factors don;t change that quickly, so crime stays concentrated |
| What are the 5 phases of the criminal justice system (CRJ)? | 1) Entry into the system 2) Prosecution & Pretrial 3) Adjunction 4) Sentencing 5) Corrections |
| What happens during "Entry into the system" (phase of CJS) | - Crime occurs - Victims decides whether to report - Police decide whether a crime occured |
| What happens during "Prosecution & pretrial" (phase of CJS) | - Prosecutor decides wether to file charges - Bail decisions - Plea bargaining |
| What happens during "Adjudication" (phase of CJS) | - Trial (jury or bench -judge) - Guilty/Not guilty |
| What happens during "Sentencing" (phase of CJS) | - Judge imposes punishment |
| What happens during "Corrections" (phase of CJS) | - Probation - Prison - Parole - Release |
| What is the Preamble? | The gpals and hopes for the consitution - begins with "we the people" - explanation for why the constitution was created |
| What are thr Seven Articles? | An outline of the 3 branches of government (w/ specific powers & responsibilities) |
| What is the Bill of Rights (BOR)? | A protection for those fearful of a strong gov |
| What is the 1st Amendment? | Freedom of speech, press, religion, to assemble |
| What is the 2nd Amendment? | Right to bear arms |
| What is the 3rd Amendment? | Prohibits quartering (housing) soilders (w/o consent) |
| What is the 4th Amendment? | No searches & seizures (unreasonably) |
| What is the 5th Amendment? | Thr right to not self-incriminate (remain silent) & Miranda rights (red to you) |
| T or F: Police force is used frequently | F: police force is used infrequently - about 1-2% of all police-public interactions involve any use or threat of force |
| When poice use force it most often occurs at the _________ end of the force spectru | lower |
| Approx what % of police interactions w/ force are male? | 90-95% - men overwhelmingly account for those killed in police encounters |
| Approx what % of police interactions w/ force are female? | 5-10% |
| What is probable cause? | "a crime porbably occured and this person is connected to it" |
| What is probable cause reuired for? | - Arrests - Search warrants |
| What was the outcome of Baker v. McCollan (1979)? | Police do not have to keep investigating innocence once probable cause eexists |
| ht is the Exclusionary rule? | Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used it court - it will be thrown out |
| Is there a high or low expectation of privacy in public? | Low expectation, because the individual is in public, and not in a private area |
| What was the outcome of Beck v/ Ohio (1964)? | Probable cause must be based on facts at the time of the arrest, and not a later justification |
| Miranda v. Arizona? | Ernesto Miranda was arrested, he confessed but he was not given his rights by the police - so Miranda rights come from his case |
| Miranda Warnings (first 4) | 1) You have the right to remain silent 2) Anything you say can and will be used against you in court 3) You hav thr right to talk tot your lawyer and have him present while you are being questioned 4) You may stop answering questions at any time |
| Miranda Warnings (last 3) | 5) You may stop answering uestions at any time 6) Having these rights in mind, do you wish to talk to us now? 7) Do you understand each of these rights I have explained [to you] |
| When are Miranda warnings required? | 1) Custody 2) Interrogation |
| What are key [Miranda] Rights? | - Right to remain silent - Right to an attorney - These are personal rights you must clearly invoke |
| Why is it important for the suspect to invoke their key rights? | Bc if they do not clearly state (that they want a lawyer etc) police will continue to wuestion them unless it is clearly stated |
| The decision to prosecute means the prosecutor.... | Must believe guilt can be proven beyond a reaosnble doubt |
| T or False: Most people are not release after initial apperance? | False; most people are released after initial apperance |
| Is cash bail common or uncommon? | Uncommon, bc its not effective, and creates overcrowding - forces low income individuals to stay in jaile while wealthy criminals leave |
| What is a Grand Jury | A jury who operates ins ecrecy to establish prima facie evidence (if there is enough evidence to go to court/move forward) |
| How much does the Wisconsin prison cost annually? | $960 milllion |
| How many inmates does the Wisconsin prison have? | 23-24k inmates is |
| Is incarceration expensive? | Yes, it is very expensive, which is why diversion and plea bargains are needed for more unserious crimes |
Created by:
e.joness