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Endocrine system
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the endocrine system | a system of glands and organs |
| what is the purpose of the endocrine system | releases hormones into the bloodstream |
| what is the function of the endocrine system | regulates body processes (growth, metabolism, reproduction) |
| what type of mechanism does the endocrine system use | chemical messengers travel to target cells |
| what is an exocrine gland | release substances through ducts to a surface or cavity (with ducts) |
| what is an endocrine glands | release hormones directly into the blood (ductless) |
| what is the origin of fight or flight | the ADRENAL glands (specifically the adrenal medulla) |
| what is the mechanism used in fight or flight | they release epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| what are the results of fight or flight | increased heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply |
| what is the pineal gland | secretes melatonin, regulates sleep wake cycles |
| what is the pituitary gland | controls other endocrine glands, produces growth hormone |
| what is the thymus gland | produces thymosin, important for immune system development |
| what is diabetes | a disease where the body cannot regulate blood sugar |
| what is type one diabetes | the pancreas produces little or no insulin. usually diagnosed in childhood |
| what is type two diabetes | the body becomes resistant to insulin, or the pancreas produces insufficent insulin. often linked to lifestyle factors |
| what does the thydroid do | located in the neck, controls metabolism and calcitionin (lowers blood calcium) |
| what does the parathyroid do | small glands on the thyroid. produce parathyroid hormone which raises blood calcium levels. |
| Pituitary (Anterior) | growth hormone |
| Pituitary (Posterior) | oxytocin |
| Thyroid | calcitonin |
| Parathyroid | parathyroid hormone |
| Adrenal cortex | cortisol, aldosterone |
| Adrenal medulla | epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| Pancreas | insulin (beta cells), glucagon (alpha cells) |
| Pineal | melatonin |
| Thymus | thymosin |
| Acromegaly | To much GH in adulthood (bones thicken, hands and face grow) |
| Gigantism | To much GH in childhood (extreme height) |
| Dwarfism | To little GH in childhood (short stature) |
| Goiter | Enlarged thyroid gland (often from iodine deficiency) |
| Tetany | Severe muscle spasms caused by low blood calcium (often due to low PTH) |
| Myxedema | Severe hypothyroidism in adults (low metabolism, swelling) |
| Hashimoto’s Disease | Autoimmune disease where the body attacks the thyroid (hypothyroidism) |
Created by:
samalvarado