Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BMB 4450
Nitrogen Metabolism and Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| After ingesting dietary protein, amino acids are taken up into what border? | intestinal brush border |
| Name at least 3 essential amino acids: | valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, histidine, methionine, threosine |
| In the fed state, what are excess amino acids converted into? | glucose (glycogen storage) or triacylglycerols |
| During the fasting state, protein breaks down into amino acids for energy production. What amino acids is nitrogen stored in for waste removal? | glutamine and alanine |
| What organ will receive glutamine as a nitrogen storage? | kidney |
| What is the function of transaminases/aminotranferases? | to transfer nitrogen groups from one compound to another in order to form amino acids |
| What is deamination? | the removal of an amine group |
| What is deamidation? | the removal of an amide group |
| What is the difference between an amine group and an amide group? | amine groups consists of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens; amide groups consist of a nitrogen bonded to a carbonyl group |
| Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. What are some examples? | alanine, glutamate, arginine |
| Ketogenic amino acids can be degraded into ketone bodies. What are some examples? | phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine |
| What amino acid is important in the synthesis and degradation of amino acids? | glutamate |
| What amino acid is the second source of nitrogen in the urea cycle? | aspartate |
| In the glucose-alanine cycle, glutamate and pyruvate in muscle cells go through a transaminase reaction, yielding what two products? | alanine and a-ketoglutarate |
| What happens in the glutamine-glutamate cycle? | glutamate is converted into glutamine which is then shuttled to the liver to enter the urea cycle |
| What organelle does the generation of carbamoyl phosphate and citrulline occur in the cell during the urea cycle? | mitochondria |
| List the molecule steps to the urea cycle: | carbamoyl phosphate -> citrulline -> ornithine transporter -> arginine -> ornithine + urea |
| What is the function of arginase? | convert arginine into ornithine and urea |
| What molecule activates carbamoyl phosphate synthase I allosterically? | N-acetylglutamate |
| Ammonia toxicity in brain cells can lead to that dysfunction/disease? | encephalopathy |
| What is hyperammonemia (HA)? | a metabolic disorder caused by elevated levels of ammonia |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that prevents the breakdown of what amino acid? | phenylalanine |
| In phenylketonuria (PKU), phenylalanine cannot be broken down into which amino acid? | tyrosine |
| What does nitric oxide synthase (NOS) do? | convert arginine into nitric oxide |
Created by:
gracelisabethxo