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Topic 17 Review
World War I and After
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aggressive preparation for war is known as: | Militarism |
| What made it possible for European nations to build bigger militaries than ever before? | Industrialization |
| What was a source of tension between France and Germany before World War I? | France had lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War |
| What was a source of tension between Austria-Hungary and Serbia before World War I? | Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, a territory with many Serbs that Serbia wanted |
| What was a source of tension between Britain and Germany before World War I? | Germany tried to build a powerful navy - but Britain considered itself the world’s greatest naval power. |
| Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance before World War I? | Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary |
| Which countries were part of the Triple Entente before World War I? | Russia, France, and Britain |
| What were some new countries that gained independence from the Ottoman Empire before World War I? | Greece, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria |
| What nationalist group took control of the Ottoman Empire in 1908? | Young Turks |
| What event led to war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia? | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb |
| What major ally did Serbia have, which promised to defend them if Austria-Hungary attacked? | Russia |
| What ally did Austria-Hungary have, which promised a “blank check” - full support - if they invaded Serbia? | Germany |
| Which member of the Triple Alliance backed out of the alliance in 1914, and in 1915 joined the war on the opposing side? | Italy |
| Germany’s plan to defeat France quickly included a plan to attack through what neutral country? | Belgium |
| What countries made up the Allies in World War I? | Russia, France, Britain, Serbia, Belgium, and their allies |
| Germany’s plan to quickly invade France and capture Paris failed when the French stopped them at which battle? | First Battle of the Marne |
| The area known for brutal trench warfare between French, Belgian, and British troops on one side and German troops on the other was known as the: | Western Front |
| What were two major battles that occurred on the Western Front? | Verdun and the Somme |
| What were some weapons that made World War I deadlier? | Artillery, machine guns, airplanes, tanks, flamethrowers, and poison gas |
| Italy fought 12 major battles with Austria-Hungary in the mountainous borderland along what river? | Isonzo |
| Who was the ruthless Italian general, known for ordering reckless attacks and killing his own soldiers for retreating? | Luigi Cadorna |
| What did the Serbian Army do when Serbia was overrun by the Central Powers? | Escaped with help from Montenegro, Italy, and the other allies |
| After Serbia was conquered, what new front did the Allies establish in the southern Balkans? | Macedonian Front |
| What other country sided with the Allies in the Balkan region? | Greece |
| What group did the Ottoman Empire massacre, after Enver Pasha and the Young Turks accused them of helping the Russians in the war? | Armenians |
| What was the failed attempt by the British (including Australians and New Zealanders) and French to capture Istanbul by sea? | Battle of Gallipoli |
| What group launched a nationalist revolt against the Ottomans during World War I? | Arabs |
| T. E. Lawrence is best known for: | Fighting alongside the Arabs during the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans |
| What happened in Germany’s colonies during World War I? | Britain, France, and Japan captured Germany’s colonies while it was fighting in Europe |
| What did Germany do when Britain’s powerful navy blockaded German ports? | Attacked ships bringing supplies to the Allies with U-boats |
| Which of the following is true of the role of women during World War I? | Women played a key role in building weapons and war materials in factories |
| In the Zimmerman telegram, what country did Germany try to convince to attack the United States? | Mexico |
| What treaty officially ended the war between the Allies and Germany? | Treaty of Versailles |
| What international organization was formed after World War I, with the goal of keeping international peace? | League of Nations |
| What was one weakness of the League of Nations? | The U.S. refused to join |
| Much of the former territory of the Ottoman Empire, and Germany’s former colonies, were administered by Britain, France, Japan, and a few other countries as: | Mandates |
| Which of the following empires completely collapsed in the aftermath of World War I? | Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire |
| What were some new countries that formed after World War I? | Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland |
| What major right did women win in Britain and the United States after World War I? | Suffrage |
| What was the major disagreement between Russia’s Social Revolutionaries and Social Democrats? | Social Revolutionaries said peasants should be considered part of the proletariat, but Social Democrats said only urban workers counted |
| Due to the controversial views of Lenin, the Social Democrats divided into the: | Bolsheviks (supported Lenin) and Mensheviks (opposed Lenin) |
| Lenin argued that a socialist revolution must be led by: | A small group of professional revolutionaries |
| As a result of the Constitution of 1906, the czar agreed to share power with an elected legislature called the: | Duma |
| Discontent over which conflict led to the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II and the formation of the Provisional Government? | World War I |
| What decision made the Provisional Government very unpopular? | They continued fighting in World War I |
| Under the dual power system, the Provisional Government uneasily shared power with… | Petrograd Soviet - worker’s council representing the proletariat |
| How did Lenin convince Germany to help him return to Russia? | He promised to have Russia make peace with Germany once he took power |
| What group, leading the Petrograd Soviet, overthrew the Provisional Government in November 1917? | Bolsheviks |
| The anti-communists that fought against Lenin’s government in the Russian Civil War were known as: | Whites |
| What did Russia become known as, once it was under Communist rule? | Soviet Union |
| What was the name of the secret agreement between Britain and France, to divide Ottoman Territory between them after World War I? | Sykes-Picot Agreement |
| What happened in the Turkish War for Independence? | Turkish nationalists forced the Allies to leave Turkey |
| Which Turkish nationalist leader became the first president of the Republic of Turkey? | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
| Who did Britain install as kings of their mandates in Iraq and Jordan? | Feisal and Abdallah, leaders of the Arab revolt |
| Why did the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz fail? | Ibn Saud captured it, forming the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| What valuable resource was discovered in Arabia in 1932? | Oil |
| Which of the following made Zionist goals difficult after World War I? | Palestine was already home to many Palestinian Arabs |
| What did the Balfour Declaration do? | Declared British support for a Jewish homeland in Israel |
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