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BIO 1802 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Domain Archaea are extremophiles; able to live and thrive in harsh environments. What unique feature contributes to this ability? | Ether linkages with branched tails in the plasma membrane |
| Which Domain(s) has linear chromosomes? | Eukarya |
| Which of the Domains has sexual reproduction? | Eukarya |
| In sexual reproduction, how does the organism go from the diploid condition to the haploid condition? | Meiosis |
| What process in sexual reproduction resuslts in haploid cells forming a diploid cell? | Fertilization |
| What process(es) explains the presence of the double membranes in both mitochondrion and chloroplast organelles? | Endosymbiosis, on the origin of the organelles |
| Because our cells contain mitochondria, we have part of the genome of which organism in our cells? | Proteobacteria |
| Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium? | Chloroplast |
| Which statement defines Protists? | The term "protists" does not refer to a monophyletic group but is used for convenience. |
| On the Domain Eukarya phylogeny identify the sister group to the lineage Opisthokonta: | Amoebozoa |
| The Opisthokonta and their sister group are classitied as the lineage Uinikonta. What feature helps define this lineage? | A single flagellum |
| Which feature(s) is characteristic of the dinoflagellates? | All choices are correct |
| Identify the synapomorphy that defines the Amoebozoa lineage. | Movement by pseudopodia |
| G. intestinalis constitutes a ________ group. | Polyphyletic |
| What is the scientific or species name of Giardio intestinalis? | Giardio intestinalis (italisized) |
| Mycosis refers to... | Fungal diseases in humans or other organisms |
| We call fungi the "recyclers in the ecosystem" because many fungi get their mutrition by decomposition of dead organisms. Organisms with this type of nutritional strategy are called: | Saprobes |
| Which hyphal feature is important to the way a fungal mycelium obtains food? | Thin filamentous shape, lots of surface area |
| Which of the following is an important ecological role that fungi play in the carbon cycle? | Fungi decomposes plant material, releasing carbon back to the environment |
| Carbon atoms fixed, or assimilate, from CO2 to organic carbon happens by which type of organism? | plants and other photosynthetic organisms |
| In the study of fungi or mycology, the prefix root word coel-is used in the word coenocytic. What does this prefix word mean? | Hollow |
| Which fungal group are referred to as the ant "zombie fungi" because of how they parasitize, alter their host's behavior, and then grow out of the ant's head and body? | Cordyceps/Ophiocordyceps |
| Identify the sporangium in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, respectively | Ascus and Basidium |
| In ecosystems, why is the term cycling used to describe material transfer (nutrients), whereas the term flow is used for energy exchange? | Materials are cycled from biotic to abiotic forms, but energy constantly flows within each population to flow out of the ecosystem. |
| After looking at the accompanying figure "Productivity", what can be said about productivity in this ecosystem? | About 90% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels, |
| In the mycorrhizal informatic above the P and N are added to the soil. Not shown in the informatie is the addition of C (carbon), Where was C added to the experimental design? | Carbon was added to the atmosphere as CO2 |
| In the Mycorrhizal Research Informatic-what is the movement of the N and P? These nutrients move: | Soil to fungi to plants |
| Which of the following most often controls the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems? | Rate of decomposition of detritus |
| Considering the Ecosystem studies: What are nutrients? | Minerals like Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) |
| Why is nitrogen (N) essential to all life forms? | N is essential for the synthesis of proteins (amino acids) and DNA/RNA (nucleic acids) |
| After looking at the experiment in the accompanying figure 5 year nutrient export study whist can be said about nutrient export (nutrients-dissolved substances) in ecosystems? Nutrient exports are | typically 10 times higher in a clear-cut watershed (devegetated) |
| Based on the results on the 5-year nutrient export study. For nutrient retention in an ecosystem: it would be better to clear cut the whole watershed. (T/F) | False |
| Consider the global nitrogen cycle depicted in the accompanying figure. What is the largest pathway for nitrogen to enter the aquatic reservoir? | Cyanobacteria |
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