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Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microorganisms require large quantities of _________ for use in cell structure and metabolism. | macronutrients |
| Microorganisms require small quantities of _________ for enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure. | trace elements |
| What compound is the most abundant in a cell? | H2O |
| Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from _________. | organic compounds |
| Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell? | Copper |
| The term autotroph refers to an organism that _________. | uses CO2 for its carbon source |
| The term photoheterotroph refers to an organism that _________. | gets energy from sunlight |
| Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called _________. | saprobes |
| Organisms called _________ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm. | parasites |
| The term facultative refers to _________. | the ability to exist in a wide range of conditions |
| Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called _________. | osmosis |
| The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called _________. | active transport |
| The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called _________. | facilitated diffusion |
| The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is called _________. | endocytosis |
| When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termed _________. | phagocytosis |
| An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 25° C is called a/an _________. | psychrotroph |
| An organism with a temperature growth range of 45°C to 60°C would be called a/an _________. | thermophile |
| Most bacteria increase their numbers by _________. | binary fission |
| A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will _________ by osmosis. | lose water |
| Which of the following is true of passive transport? | It requires a gradient |
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