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Anatomy Unit 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flexion vs Extension (Actions) | Flexion - decreasing the angle of a joint - ex: bringing your arm up Extension - increasing the angle of a joint - ex: bringing your arm down |
| Flexion vs Extension (joints) | - spine - neck - elbow - wrist - fingers - thumb - shoulder - hip - knee |
| Abduction vs Adduction (actions) | Abduction - moving a body part away from the midline - ex: jumping jacks (move arms out) Adduction - moving a body part towards the midline - ex: jumping jacks (move arms back in) |
| Abduction vs Adduction (joints) | - scapula (same as protraction) - shoulders - wrist - thumb - fingers - hip |
| Protraction vs Retraction (actions) | Protraction - moving a body part forward - ex: moving scapula forward Retraction - moving a body part backwards - ex: moving your scapula backwards |
| Protraction vs Retraction (joints) | Mandible Scapula |
| Elevation vs Depression (action) | Elevation - raising a body part - ex: raising scapula (shrugging) Depression - lowering a body part - ex: lowering the scapula |
| Elevation vs Depression (joints) | Mandible Scapula |
| Rotation vs Lateral Flexion (actions) | Rotation - moving a body part on an axis - ex: turning the head Lateral Flexion - bending the body laterally - ex: bending at the waist to the right |
| Rotation vs lateral Flexion (joints) | Rotation - neck (atlas, axis) - spine Lateral Flexion - Neck - spine |
| Medial vs Lateral rotation (action) | medial rotation - rotating the body part towards the midline of the body - ex: keep humerus in, move forearm inward Lateral rotation - rotating the body part away from the midline of the body - ex: keep humerus in, move forearm out |
| Medial vs lateral rotation (joints) | Shoulder Hip |
| Shoulder Special Movements | Horizontal Abduction - moving the arm across the body away from the midline of the body Horizontal Adduction - moving the arm across the body toward the midline of the body |
| Ankle Special Movements | Dorsiflexion: pointing the toes up Plantarflexion: pointing the toes down Eversion: turning the foot so the sole faces laterally Inversion: turning the foot so the sole faces medially |
| Forearm Special Movements | Supination - turning the forearm so the palm is up Pronation - turning the forearm so the palm is down |
| Thumb Special Movements | Opposition: bringing the thumb across the palm of the hand to touch the fingers |
| Spine + Thorax - All movements | Flexion Extension Rotation Lateral Flexion |
| Neck - All movments | Flexion Extension Rotation Lateral Flexion |
| Mandible - All movements | Elevation Depression Protraction Retraction |
| Hip + knee - all movements | - flexion and extension (both) - medial and lateral rotation of hip - adduction and abduction of hip |
| Fingers - All movements | Finger extension Finger Flexion Finger Adduction Finger Abduction |
| Ankle - all movements | - Dorsiflexion of ankle - Plantarflexion of ankle - Inversion of foot - Eversion of foot |
| Elbow + forearm - all movements | - Flexion and extension of elbow - Supination and Pronation of forearm |
| Wrist - All Movements | - Extension - Flexion - Adduction (radial) - Abduction (Ulnar) |
| Thumb - All movements | - Abduction - Adduction - Opposition - Flexion - Extension |
| Scapula - All movements | - elevation - depression - adduction - abduction |
| Shoulder - All movements | - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - horizontal abduction - horizontal adduction - medial rotation (internal rotation) - lateral rotation (external rotation) |
| Joint muscle crosses | - muscles make movement by pulling on their attachments (tendons) - tendons are attached to different bones - thus muscles crosses a joint - when a muscle crosses a joint, it moves that joint |
| Rule #1 for body movement | whatever joint a muscle crosses, it moves that joint |
| Fiber direction | - if the sarcomeres were to contract, which way would they shorten the muscle - the muscle would shorten along the muscle fiber direction |
| Rule #2 for body movement | muscles contract in the direction of muscle fibers |
| location of muscle | - where a muscle is located can also tell you what movement that muscle performs - if a muscle is on the anterior side of the body = anterior movements -posterior muscle = posterior movement - medial muscle = medial movement |
| Rule #3 for body movement | the location of the muscle (where the muscle crosses the joint - anterior, posterior, medial, lateral), tells you what type of action it will perform - anterior - anterior movement - posterior - posterior - medial - medial - lateral - lateral |
| Muscle movement specifics | - skeletal muscles almost always work in groups - when you want to do a movement, the appropriate group of muscles is stimulated - Prime mover: main muscle responsible for producing the action |
| Synergists | - while the prime mover is acting, certain nearby muscles also contract - help the movement, not the prime mover but assist - synergists are muscles that produce the same movement |
| Antagonists | these muscles resist a prime movers action, usually perform opposite action |
| Origin - Insertion | - muscles have attachment points (tendons) - origin: the fixed attachment - closer to trunk of body - insertion - moveable attachment, away from trunk of body |
| Muscle fiber direction = | movement - if muscle contracts and shortens, bringing the two ends (tendons) together, we can understand movement |
| Vastus | Straight Muscle |
| Serratus | Jagged Muscle |
| Quadriceps | four parts |
| Biceps | two heads |
| Brevis | shortest |
| Dorsi | Pertaining to the back |
| Oblique | at an angle |
| rectus | big |
| minimi | smallest |
| Oris | pertaining to the mouth |
Created by:
Shannonnev0822