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Week 6 Basic Pharm
Acts, Schedules, Studies, Pregnancy, Neurotransmitters, Ph
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a meds chemical name? | 7-chlor-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5- phenyl-2H1, 4-benziodiazepin-2-one |
| What is a meds generic name? | Name that is suggested by the manufacture -Diazepam -Ibuprofen |
| What is a meds Official name? | Name that is listed in the (USP) United States Pharmacopeia **often the same as the generic name** Diazepam, USP Ibuprofen, USP |
| What is a meds Brand name? | Name that is given by a manufacturer and is trade marked or proprietary Valium® Motrin® Advil® |
| What are the 8 rights? | • Right Patient • Right Medication • Right Dose • Right Route • Right Time • Right Documentation • Right Reason • Right Response |
| What are the main sources of medications | • Plants • Animals • Minerals • Synthetic (lab) |
| *Pure *Food &* Drug Act (1906) | -Prohibits the sale of medicinal preparations that had little or no use. -Restricted the sale of drugs with a potential for abuse. -Named the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) & National Formulary (NF) as official drug standards. -Gotta make sure the me |
| Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) | Aimed at controlling the importation, manufacture, and sale of the opium & coca plant and its derivatives. **Harrison controls opium** |
| Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act (1938) | – Truth-in-labeling clause – State whether the preparation contains habit-forming drugs and if so, what percentage. **Food, drugs, and cosmetics are addicting** |
| Durham-Humphrey Amendments (1951) | – Required pharmacists to have either a written or oral prescription from a physician to fill certain medications. **Duur do you got a prescription** |
| Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962) | –Mandated pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide proof of the safety and effectiveness of their medications. **Kelvin harris wants to know is his drugs and safe and effective** |
| Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act (1970) | – Classifies the drugs used in medicine into 5 different schedules – Mandates prescription filling and refilling schedules **control is classification** |
| Schedule I Controlled substance | -High abuse potential -Severe dependence -No medical indication **Heroine, LSD, Mescaline** |
| Schedule II Controlled substance | -High abuse potential -Severe dependence -Accepted medical indications **Cocaine, opium, morphine** |
| Schedule III Controlled substance | -Less abuse potential -High psychological dependence Less physical dependence -Accepted medical indications **Marijuana, limited opioid amounts combined with non controlled substances ** |
| Schedule IV Controlled substance | -Low abuse potential -Less dependence -Accepted medical indications **Diazepam, Lorazepam** |
| Schedule V Controlled substance | -Least abuse potential -Least dependence -Accepted medical indications **Limited amounts of opioids for cough or diarrhea** |
| Phase 1 of 4 human studies | Tests how a medication works, Tests its toxicity, Tests its safe dose, |
| Phase 2 of 4 human studies | Test on limited population |
| Phase 3 of 4 human studies | Collect data on side effects Refines therapeutic dose |
| Phase 4 of 4 human studies | Based of approval, post marketing analysis |
| How many FDA Pregnancy Categories are there? | A B C D X |
| FDA Pregnancy category A | -Adequate studies on pregos -No demonstrated risk to baby |
| FDA Pregnancy category B | -No studies on pregos -No risk to puppies or -No risk to baby -Adverse effects in puppies |
| FDA Pregnancy category C | -No studies in pregos -Adverse effects in puppies or -No studies in puppies or -Studies in pregos have been done |
| FDA Pregnancy category D | -Risk to baby -Benefits could outweigh the risk |
| FDA Pregnancy category X | -Risk to baby -Risk outweighs any benefit |
| What are the phases of Pharmacokinetics? | 1-Absorption 2-Distribution 3-Metabolism 4-Excretion |
| What is a Prodrug? | Medication that is not active when administered but converts to an active metabolite once in the body |
| Define Tolerance | A patient requires larger & larger doses of a drug to achieve the desired effect |
| Define Cross Tolerance | The body builds up a tolerance to one medication, leading to a tolerance of another. |
| Define Tachyphylaxis | Rapidly occurring tolerance to a medication |
| Define Cumulative Effect | When a medication is administered in several doses, causing an increased effect. This is due to a quantitative buildup of the drug in the blood |
| Define Medication Dependence | The body becomes accustomed to the presence of a medication, and then goes through withdraw in its absence |
| Define Medication Interaction | The effects of one medication alters the response to another medication. |
| Define Medication Antagonism | The effects of one medication blocks the response to another medication |
| Define Summation | Occurs when two medications are administered together and that produces a greater response |
| Define Synergism | Occurs when two medications are administered together and that produces a greater response then just summation |
| Define Potentiation | Occurs when one medication enhances the effects of another |
| Define Interference | Occurs when one medication directly affects the pharmacology of another. |
| GABA is the | Main inhibitory transmitted **the breaks** |
| Glutamate is the | Main excitatory neurotransmitter **the gas pedal** |
| Dopamine is the | Pleasure and reward neurotransmitter **Pleasure, desire, motivation** |
| Serotonin is the | Mood and helps with sleep and digestive regulation **Satisfaction and safety, happiness** |
| Norepinephrine is the postganglionic neurotransmitter for the | Sympathetic ns vasoconstriction Fight or flight Released continuously at low levels to maintain blood pressure |
| Epinephrine comes from? | The adrenal glands Mainly a hormone released into the blood Fight or flight bronchodilation |
| Acetylcholine | – Rest and Digest – Parasympathetic Response |
| Define a buffer | Substance dissolved in water that counteracts changes in pH |
| What are the 3 different Buffer systems? | – Carbonic acid- bicarbonate buffer system – Protein buffer system – Phosphate buffer system |
| What are the 7 P's | -Preparation plan with crew -Preoxygenation 3 min -Pretreatment no lidocaine, there is no evidence that multi atropine prevents bradycardia with pediatrics -Paralysis with induction -Placement w/ ETCO2 -Post intubation watch for curare cleft |
| • Define Boyle’s Law • Define Henry’s Law • Define Charle’s Law • Define Gay- Lussac’s Law • Define Dalton’s Law | |
| A medication that has been studied only in animals that has not demonstrated any risk to an unborn fetus is classified as what FDA prego category? | B |
| Which medication name is the proprietary name given to a medication by the manufacturer? | Brand name |
| Which act classified the drugs used to make certain medications into five different schedules? | The comprehensive drug abuse prevention & control act of 1970 |
| Which of the following would be considered fast routes of medication administration? | IM, IV, IO |
| Which of the following acts aimed at controlling the import, manufacture, and sale of the opium plant? | The Harrison Narcotic Act of 1940 |
| Which of the following medication names is the one that is suggested to be used by the manufacturer? | |
| You respond to the scene of a patient who has been sick the past couple of days w/ severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrea. You would suspect the patient is in? | Metabolic Alkalosis |
| What would you expect to find on a patient with an increased sympathetic tone? | Bronchodilation Increased blood pressure Vasoconstriction Tachycardia Mydriasis |
| What medication that we use in EMS is made from the deadly nightshade plant? | Atropine |
| The medication that is made from the toxic red foxglove plant that patients are prescribed to help with congestive heart failure is called: | Digoxin |
| What is considered a normal bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid ratio in the human body? | 20:1 |
| Which of the following is considered the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system? | Glutamate |
| Which of the following acts mandated the drug manufacturer to state whether or not a medication could become habit forming? | The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 |
Created by:
ejarami4