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Biology Ch. 19
Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organisms that generate heat within their own bodies | endotherms |
| one of the proteinaceous structures that cover a bird and enable flight | feather |
| carnivorous birds equipped with hooked beaks and strong grasping talons | raptors |
| the large ridge on a bird’s sternum | keel |
| the feathers you can see on a bird are _____ feathers | contour |
| insulating feathers close to the skin are _____ feathers | down |
| wings that have a long, thin, tapered shape that generates little drag in the air are ____ ____ wings | high-speed |
| wings that are designed to give birds the ability to stay aloft while minimizing energy expenditure are ___ wings | soaring |
| wings that provide for quick takeoffs and landings, low-speed flight, and maximum maneuverability are _____ wings | elliptical |
| a mammal that has a multi-chambered stomach and a large cecum will most likely eat _____ | plants |
| one of a series of hollow chambers connected to the respiratory system of birds | air sac |
| the voice organ in birds | syrinx |
| the effect of one animal on organisms throughout an ecosystem is a ______ cascade | trophic |
| _____ birds have salt glands in their heads that filter salt out of their blood and release it through their nostrils | marine |
| a thin-walled portion of the digestive tract that temporarily stores food prior to digestion | crop |
| These wings are designed for maneuverability | elliptical |
| Monkeys use their _______ tails to grasp. | prehensile |
| first part of the stomach; produces digestive juices | proventriculus |
| a thick-walled digestive organ that grinds food | gizzard |
| the animal behavior that promotes mate selection and breeding | courtship |
| prevents a bird from overheating | air sac |
| the white of an egg | albumen |
| the process of keeping an egg at a suitable temperature for development and hatching | incubation |
| only mammals that lay eggs | monotremes |
| performs gas exchange in birds | lungs |
| have a unique pouch that functions to nourish and protect their developing young | marsupials |
| the organ in most mammals and in humans in which an embryo develops | uterus |
| nourish their unborn young by means of a placenta | eutherians |
| Hemoglobin binds and carries _____ | oxygen |
| a hoofed mammal | ungulate |
| the first chamber in a ruminant stomach | rumen |
| the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities in mammals and humans | diaphragm |
| birds' kidneys release wastes into its | cloaca |
| the short passageway between the pharynx and esophagus | larynx |
| produce milk to nourish their young | mammary gland |
| the period of time between conception and birth | gestation |
| animals that are generalists sometimes will outcompete animals that are ______ | specialists |
| This group of mammals have a cloaca | monotremes |
| Explain how a perching bird can sleep in a tree without falling out. | When a bird perches their claws lock onto the branch. This makes it to where they won’t fall off of a branch. |
| Explain why a meadowlark born with a genetic defect that prevents him from performing courtship displays is unlikely to spread this defect. | Because if a meadowlark can not use courtship then it can not mate, and if it can not mate it can not have babies. Therefore the disease can not spread. |
| Explain why birds migrate. | Birds migrate when the weather changes. Most birds can not survive in the cold so they migrate to get to warmer weather. |
| Explain why a mammal or bird is likely to eat more than a similarly sized reptile or amphibian. | Some mammals and birds have higher metabolisms than some reptiles and amphibians. |
| Explain the relationship between the placement of a mammal’s eyes and its position within a food chain. | Usually the prey’s eyes are on the sides of their heads so that they can see from all directions if there are predators coming. While mammals have forward facing eyes to focus on prey. |
| Explain what, among tetrapods, is unique about the way that most mammals release their nitrogenous and digestive wastes. | Mammals have separate openings for their digestive and excertory systems. |
| Contrast the relative lengths of gestation and nursing young in marsupials and eutherians. | Eutherians have a longer gestation period than marsupials, but marsupials have a longer nursing period than eutherians. |
| Explain how a bird’s body systems are designed for flight. | They have a keel which provides a place for wing muscles to attach. They have hollow bones and a lightweight, rigid skeleton which makes them lighter so they can fly. They have feathered wings that help with lift and thrust. |
| Describe the process of digestion in a ruminant. | The food first goes through the rumen which is the first chamber of the stomach that breaks down cellulose. Then that semi-digested food goes back up to be chewed again. |
| How are evolutionists able to conduct valid science and produce valuable results in spite of an evolutionary worldview? | They are able to conduct valid science because science is based on data. Data is able to be used for good purposes no matter who the scientist is. |
Created by:
LayneIS