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Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does SL stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Sublingual - Rapid |
| What does PR stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Per rectum - Rapid |
| What does PO stand for? What's the absorption rate? | (Per os)By mouth - Slow |
| What does IV stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Intravenous - Immediate |
| What does IO stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Intraosseous - Immediate |
| What does IN stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Intranasal - Rapid |
| What does IM stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Intramuscular - Moderate |
| What does SC stand for? What's the absorption rate? | Subcutaneous - Slow |
| What's the absorption rate for Transcutaneous? | Slow |
| What's the absorption rate for topical? | Slow |
| What's the absorption rate for inhalation? | Rapid |
| Difference between sublingual and oral? | Sublingual is under the tongue. Oral is through the mouth and into the digestive system. |
| Difference between transcutaneous and topical? | Transcutaneous means through the skin and topical means a medication that is used to treat a local condition. (Eg. rash, skin disorder, etc.) |
| What are the 7 drug rights? | (TRAMPRD) Time, route, amount, medication, patient, refusal, documentation |
| What does enteral mean? | Medication absorbed through the GI tract. (PO, PR, SL) |
| What does parenteral mean? | Medication absorbed outside of the GI tract, skin or mucous membranes. (IM, IV, SC, IO, Inhalation, IN, SC, Transcutaneous, Topical) |
| What routes of medication administration can an EMR administer? | PO, Intranasal, Sublingual and Intramuscular. |
| What steps does an EMR need to take before administering any medication? | Primary Survey and Interventions, Complete history (SAMPLE, OPQRRRST), baseline set of vitals, meet all the indications, rule out all the contraindications and consider any cautions. Finally, go through each of the 7 drug rights. |
| What is an Iatrogenic Overdose? | It is when a medical practitioner accidentally gives too much medication then what is safe for the patient. |
| What is buccal administration? | Placing a drug between the cheeks and gums. (Eg. glucose gel) |
| Other than confirming the right type of medication, what else should you do when going over the "right medication" drug right? | Ask your partner/driver to confirm the right medication and look at the medication to ensure it's not expired/cloudy/etc. |
| What are the two classes of narcotics and what is the main difference between how they're made? | Opiates (Natural) and Opioids (Synthetic) |
| What are some different opioids? | Fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone(Dilauded), meperidine(Demerol) |
| What are some different opiates? | Morphine, codeine |
| What are the signs and symptoms of a opioid overdose? | Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, DLOC, Bradycardia, decreased SPO2, Cool, clammy, pale/cyanotic |
| How do opioids work? | They are CNS depressants and they block the transmission of pain signals. |
| If a patient recovers from an opioid overdose after administering narcan, but refuses to go with you for treatment. What should recommend they do? | Ask them to stay in a place with lots of people around, as opioids stay in their system longer than narcan does. They have the potential to re-overdose. |
| What is the medical preference for IM injections? | The thigh(Vastus lateralis). (Deltoid is easier to access practically) |
| What are four classes of commonly abused drugs? | Stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, sedatives |
| What is an agonist? | Molecules that bind to a cell's receptor and trigger a response by that cell. |
| What is an antagonist? | Molecules that bind to a cell's receptor and block the action of agonists. Many drugs work as hormone antagonists. |
| What does mmol/L mean? | Milimoles per litre |
| What is the only medication we can give without a full set of vitals? What vitals do you need before giving it? | ASA(Asprin), heart rate and blood pressure. |
| What is habituation? | Psychological dependence on a drug(s). |
| What is physical dependence on a drug? | A physiological state of adaptation to a drug, including tolerance to the drugs affects and withdrawal symptoms when use is discontinued. |
| What is the main compound found in "magic mushrooms" | Psilocybin |
Created by:
Levelstorm3950