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The dark Ages

QuestionAnswer
Changes in Western Europe (following the fall of Rome Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts, decline of learning, and loss of a common language.
Clovis Unites the Franks into one kingdom after converting to Christianity.
Benedict Italian monk that writes a book of strict of rules for monasteries in 520.
Gregory I Becomes Pope in 590; expands papal power by making it a worldly (secular) force in politics.
Charles Martel Defeats Muslim raiding party at the Battle of Tours in 732; extends Frankish rule.
Pepin the Short Fights off Lombards for the Pope; "King by the grace of God;" Begins Carolingian Dynasty.
Charlemagne Unifies most of Western Europe; Crowned emperor by Pope Leo III; spreads Christianity; encourages learning.
Treaty of Verdun Ended civil war between Charlemagne's grandsons (Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German).
Vikings Caused disruption in Northwestern Europe with raids; terror fades away after they accept Christianity and a warming climate change.
Magyars Turkish nomads that attacked western Europe on horseback.
Manor Self-sufficient lord's estate in feudal Europe; serfs tend the land and knight's protect the land.
Lord Landowner that grants a fief (land) to vassals (lesser lords).
Serf peasant; couldn't lawfully leave their place of birth.
Knight Received land in exchange for their protective services; fought bravely for their eartly feudal lord, heavenly Lord, and his lady.
Chivalry code of the knight
Tithe Tax paid to the church; 1/10 of income.
Troubadours Poet-musicians that often sang about romance.
Song of Roland Famous 11th century medieval epic poem about the heroic deeds of Charlemagne's knights
Clergy religious officials; Pope - Bishops - Priests.
Sacraments To achieve salvation a good Roman Catholic will take part in these; ex. baptism and confirmation.
Otto I Invades Italy on the Pope's behalf; crowned emperor by the Pope in 962.
Holy Roman Empire - By 1100 consisted of present day Germany; named by Frederick I "Barbarossa."
Canon Law Law of the church.
Excommunication When the clergy banishes one from the church; wields power over political rulers; Pope Gregory VII bans lay investiture and then excommunicates King Henry IV.
Interdict When sacraments or religious services are banned from a King's land by the clergy; dooms King's subjects to hell.
Lay Investiture Ceremony in which the king and nobles appoint church officials.
Concordat of Worms Resolves issue of lay investiture; Church appoints bishops but king holds veto power.
Created by: sofiabruning
 

 



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