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CE 1

CE 1 THE FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY

QuestionAnswer
WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT? Limited Government; Republicanism; Federalism; Separation of Powers; Checks and Balances; Popular Sovereignty
WHAT IS LIMITED GOVERNMENT? Government power is restricted by the Constitution and laws; leaders must obey the law.
WHAT IS REPUBLICANISM? Citizens elect representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf.
WHAT IS FEDERALISM? Power is divided between the national government and the state governments.
WHAT IS SEPARATION OF POWERS? Government powers are divided among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
WHAT ARE CHECKS AND BALANCES? Each branch has powers that limit the powers of the other branches.
WHAT IS POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY? Government authority comes from the people.
HOW DID THE MAGNA CARTA INFLUENCE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT? It limited the power of the king and established the idea that everyone must follow the law.
HOW DID ENGLISH COMMON LAW INFLUENCE THE U.S.? It established legal traditions such as trial by jury and reliance on court decisions.
WHAT DID THE CHARTERS OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANY GUARANTEE? Gave English settlers the right to form a colony in Virginia and guaranteed them the same rights as English citizens.
WHAT DID THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE DECLARE? The colonies’ independence from Great Britain and the idea of natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness).
WHO WROTE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? Thomas Jefferson
WHAT WAS THE VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS? A document declaring individual rights such as freedom of religion and press.
WHO WROTE THE VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS? George Mason
WHY WERE THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION REPLACED? The national government was too weak; it could not tax or enforce laws.
WHAT DID THE VIRGINIA STATUTE FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM GUARANTEE? Freedom of religion and separation of church and state.
WHO WROTE THE VIRGINIA STATUTE FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM? Thomas Jefferson
WHAT ISSUE DIVIDED LARGE AND SMALL STATES AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION? Representation in Congress and the power of the federal government.
WHAT WAS THE VIRGINIA PLAN? Representation based on population.
WHAT WAS THE NEW JERSEY PLAN? Equal representation for each state.
WHAT WAS THE GREAT COMPROMISE? Created a bicameral legislature: House based on population; Senate with equal representation.
WHAT WAS THE THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE? Enslaved persons were counted as three-fifths for representation and taxation.
WHO WERE THE FEDERALISTS? Supporters of the Constitution.
WHO WERE THE ANTI-FEDERALISTS? Opponents who feared too much federal power.
WHY WAS THE BILL OF RIGHTS ADDED? To protect individual freedoms and gain support for ratification.
WHAT IS THE PREAMBLE? The introduction to the Constitution
WHAT ARE THE SIX GOALS LISTED IN THE PREAMBLE? Form a more perfect Union; Establish Justice; Ensure domestic tranquility; Provide for the common defense; Promote the general welfare; Secure the blessings of liberty.
WHY DOES THE PREAMBLE BEGIN WITH “WE THE PEOPLE”? It shows that government power comes from the people
WHAT IS DUE PROCESS? The government must follow fair legal procedures before taking away life, liberty, or property
WHICH AMENDMENTS PROTECT DUE PROCESS? 5th Amendment (federal government) and 14th Amendment (state governments).
WHAT IS EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW? Laws must apply equally and fairly to all people.
WHAT IS THE SUPREMACY CLAUSE? The U.S. Constitution is the highest law of the land
WHAT IS THE RULE OF LAW? Everyone, including government officials, must obey the law.
WHAT IS THE RIGHT TO PRIVATE PROPERTY? Individuals may own property, and government must provide fair compensation if it takes it.
HOW IS THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AMENDED? Proposed by 2/3 of Congress and ratified by 3/4 of the states.
WHY IS THE AMENDMENT PROCESS DIFFICULT? To ensure changes reflect broad national agreement.
HOW IS THE VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION AMENDED? Passed twice by the General Assembly and approved by voters
Created by: Lisa K Ball
 

 



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