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12.2 Anatomy Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alternative pathway | one of the two primary ways in which the complement system can be activated; this pathway is triggered when the C3b complement protein binds to foreign material |
| classical pathway | a mode of complement system activation in which a circulating complement protein recognizes an antibody bound to foreign material |
| Complement proteins | proteins in the blood that work with immune system cells and antibodies to defend the body against infection |
| complement system | a system of 11 proteins that circulate in the blood plasma through the body and work together to destroy foreign substances; complements, or balances out, the specific and nonspecific defense systems of the body |
| exocytosis | the process in which cell membranes fuse together and then push debris from the cell vesicles to the outside of the cell |
| fever | the maintenance of body temperature at a higher-than-normal level |
| inflammatory response | physiological response to tissue injury or infection, also called inflammation; the four signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, and pain |
| interferons | proteins released by cells that have been infected with viruses; interfere with virus reproduction |
| mast cells | connective tissue cell with granules (particles) that contain histamine, a compound which, when released into surrounding fluid, activates an inflammatory response |
| monocytes | leukocytes that develop into phagocytizing macrophages when they migrate out of lymphatic circulation into surrounding tissue |
| neutophils | most common type of white blood cell; can slip out of capillaries and into surrounding tissue, where they destroy bacteria and cellular debris |
| opsonins | proteins that make cells more attractive to phagocytes |
| Phagocytes | cells that engulf and consume bacteria, foreign material, and debris |
| Phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs and destroys foreign matter and cellular debris |
| Prostaglandins | fatty acids involved in the control of inflammation and body temperature |
| Pyrogens | chemicals that tend to cause fever by raising the set-point temperature of the neurons in the hypothalamus |
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