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Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| NUCLEON | PROTON OR NEUTRON |
| NUCLIDE | ATOM IDENTIFIED BY PROTONS AND NEUTRONS |
| MASS DEFECT | DIFFERENCE MASS ATOM SUM PROTONS AND NEUTRONS |
| NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY | ENERGY RELLEASED NUCLEUS FROM NUCLEONS |
| RADIOACTIVE DECAY | DISINTEGRATION UNSTABLE ATOMIC NUCLEUS EMISSON OF RAIDIATION NUCLEAR CAPTURE OR EJECTION OR FISSION |
| NUCLEAR RADIATION | PARTICLES THAT ARE RELEASED DURING RADIOACTIVE DECAY |
| RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDE | ISOTOPES THAT DECAY EMIT RADIATION |
| ALPHA PARTICLE | POSITIVELY CHARGED ATOM RELEASED CONSISTS OF TWO PROTONS AND TWO NEUTRONS |
| BETA PARTICLE | ELECTRON EMITTED DECAY |
| POSITRON | SAME MASS AND SPIN POSITIVE CHARGE |
| ELECTRON CAPTURE | INNER ORBITAL ELECTRON CAPTURED BY THE NUCELUS |
| GAMMA RAY | HIGH ENERGY PHOTON EMITTED DURING FISSION DECAY |
| HALF-LIFE | TIME REQURED FOR HALF OF A SAMPLE TO BREAK DOWN |
| DECAY SERIES | SERIES PRODUCED SUCCESSIVE RADIOACTIVE DECAY STABLE NUCLIDE IS REACHED |
| PARENT NUCLIDE | RADIONUCLIDE YIELDS DAUGHTER NUCLIDE |
| DAUGHTER NUCLIDE | PRODUCED BY THE DECAY OF ANOTHER NUCLIDE |
| ARTIFICAL TRANSMUTATION | TRANSFORMATION OF ATOMS INTO ATOMS OF ANOTHER ELEMENT BOMBARDMENT WITH NEUTRONS |
| TRANSURANIUM ELEMENT | SYNTHETIC ELEMENT ATOMIC NUMBER IS GREATER THAT THAT OF URANIUM |
| ROENTGEN | UNIT OF RADIATION DOSE OF XRAYS OR GAMMA RAYS |
| REM | QUANTITY DOES DAMAGE TO HUMAN TISSUE |
| FILM BADGE | DEVICE MEASURES AMOUNT OF RADIATION RECEIVED |
| GEIGER-MULLER COUNTER | INSTRUMENT THAT DETECTS INTENSITY OF RADIATION |
| SCINTILLATION COUNTER | INSTRUMENT CONVERTS LIGHT INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL |
| RADIOACTIVE DATING | PROCESS APPROXIMATE AGE OF AN OBJECT IS DETERMINED |
| RADIOACTIVE TRACER | RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION CAN BE DETECTED LATER |
| NUCLEAR WASTE | WASTE RADIOISOTOPES |
| NUCLEAR FISSION | SPLITTING OF THE NUCLEUS RELEASES ENERGY |
| CHAIN REACTION | REACTION THAT STARTS THE REACTIONS |
| CRITICAL MASS | MASS OF A FISSIONALBE ISOTOPE NEEDED TO SUSTAIN A CHAIN REACTION |
| NUCLEAR REACTOR | USES CONTROLLED NUCLEAR REACTIONS |
| NUCLEAR POWER PLANT | USES HEAT FROM NUCLEAR REACTORS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICAL ENERGY |
| SHIELDING | RADITION ABSORBING MATERIAL DECREASE RADIATION LEAKAGE |
| CONTROL ROD | NEUTRON ABSORBING ROD LIMITING THE NUMBER OF FREE NEUTRONS |
| MODERATOR | SLOWS THE VELOCITY OF NEUTRONS |
| NUCLEAR FUSION | COMBINATION SMALL ATOMS TO FORM A LARGER NUCLEUS |
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livharris82