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OSH - Mod 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Machine | a tool used to make work easier. It is basically an assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion, and energy in a predetermined manner |
| Simple machines | are mechanical devices that change the direction or magnitude of a force. |
| Compound machines | They are the "building blocks" of which the more complicated or ____ are made |
| Power transmission appartus | all components of the mechanical system which transmit energy to the part of the machine performing the work. |
| The point of operation | the point where work is performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring or forming of stock |
| Other moving parts | all parts of the machine which move while the machine is working. |
| Hazardous mechanical motions | these include any movement of rotating members, reciprocating arms, moving belts, meshing gears, cutting teeth, and any other part that impacts of sheers |
| Rotating | can be dangerous, even smooth, slowly rotating shafts can catch clothing and through mere skin contact force an arm or hand into a dangerous position. |
| Reciprocating | may be hazardous because during the back-and-forth or up-and-down motion, a workers may be struck by or caught between a moving and a stationary part |
| Transversing | creates a hazard because a worker may be struck or caught in a pinch or shear point by the moving part |
| Cutting | the danger of this action exists at the point of operation where finger, arm, and body injuries can occur and where flying chips or scrap material can strike the head, particularly in the area of the eyes or face. |
| Punching | results when power is applied to a slide for the purpose of blanking, drawing, or stamping metal or other materials |
| Shearing | involves applying power to a slide or knife in order to trim or shear metal or other materials |
| Bending | when power is applied to a slide in order to draw or stamp metal or other materials |
| Machine guards | any machine part, function, or porcess which may cause injury must be guarded |
| Fixed enclosing guards | if the hazard is on a part of the machinery which does not require access, it should be permanently guarded with fixed enclosing gaurds |
| Movable guards with interlocking switches | if access is required in a hazardous area of a machine, an operator can be protected by an inter-lock with the power source which ensures that whenever the guard door is not closed, the power is switched off |
| Two hand controls | the use of ____ is common in certain types of machinery where two start buttons have to be operated at the same time to run the machine |
| Pullback devices | these are mechanical devices attached to the operator's hands and connected to the moving portion of the die. If properly adjusted, it withdraws the operator's hands if they are inadvertently within the point of operation as the dies close |
| Photoelectric curtain | these devices emit a "curtain" of harmless infrared light beams in front of the hazard area. When any of the beams are blocked. the light curtain control circuit sends a stop signal to the guarded machine |
| Light curtains | are extremely versatile and can guard areas many meter wides. |
| Safety mats | these devices are used to guard a floor area around a machine. Interconnected mats are laid around the hazard area and any pressure will cause the mat controller unit to send a stop signal to the guarded machine |
| Pressure-sensitive edges | these devices are flexible edging strips which can be fixed to the edge of a moving part such as a machine table or powered door where there is a risk of crushing or shearing hazard. If the moving part strikes the operator, the flexible sensitive edge is |
| Emergency stops | wherever there is a danger of an operator getting into trouble on a machine there must be a facility for fast access to an emergency stop device. The usual way of providing this is in the form of a mushroom headed push-button which the operator strikes in |
| Grab wire switches | for machinery such as conveyors etc., it is often more convenient and effective to use a grab wire device along the hazard area |
| Telescopic trip switches | other variations include telescopic antenna switches where deflection of the antenna causes the switch to cut off the machine power |
| Robotics application | this depends of the nature of the machine and the hazard |
| Must prevent contact | Safeguards should prevent human contact with any potentially harmful machine part prevention extends to machine operators and any other person who might come in contact with the hazard |
| Must be secured and durable | Safeguards should be attached so that they are secured. Workers should not be able to render them ineffective by tampering with them or disabling them |
| Must provide protection against falling objects | Objects falling into moving machine mechanisms increase the risk of accidents, property damage, and injury. Objects that fall on a moving part can be thrown out, creating dangerous projectile. |
| Must not create new hazards | Safeguards should overcome the hazards in question without creating new ones. A safeguard with a sharp edge, unfinished surface or protruding bolts introduces new hazards while protecting against the old |
| Must not create interference | Safeguards can interfere with the progress of work if they are not properly designed. Such safeguards are likely to be disregarded or disabled by workers due to the pressure of production deadline |
| Must allow safe maintenance | Safeguards should be designed to allow more frequently performed maintenance tasks to be accomplished without the removal of guards |
| Fixed Encolsing Guards | if access to dangerous parts is not required, the solution is to protect them by some type of fixed enclosing guard |
| Movable guards or protection devices | if access is required, things get a little more difficult. It will be necessary to ensure that access can only be permitted while the machine is safe. |
| Protection appliance | these are used often in conjunction with guards to feed a work piece while keeping the operator's body away from the danger zone |
| Information, instruction, training and supervision | it is important that operators have the necessary training in safe working methods for a machine. |
| Personal Protective Equipment | in addition to the above measures, it may also be necessary for the operator to use equipment like special gloves, goggles, etc.. |
| Lock-out/Tag-out System | is effective for preventing accidents during maintenance works. It is a method that is especially designed to protect against the unexpected startup of a machine that is supposed to be turned off. |
| Electrical | suddent turning on of power source or stored energy in capacitors |
| Mechanical | energy coming from the machines |
| Thermal | such as steam or due to chemical reaction |
| Potential | stored energy that may be due to gravity, hydraulics, pneumatics, vacuum or springs |
Created by:
romulols