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BIO 1802 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the Domains of Life. | Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya |
| Which information molecule determines the genotype of an organism? | DNA |
| Which information molecule determines the phenotype or physical traits of an organism? | Proteins |
| While there is no simple definition of life it is generally agreed that there are five fundamental characteristics. Which of the characters below is NOT one of the fundamental characteristics common to life? | Multicellularity |
| T/F. A nucleus is required in all living organisms, because it contains chromosomes (DNA) | False |
| We discussed three theories that form the foundation of biology. What are they? | Cell Theory, Chromosomal theory of inheritance, and the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection |
| Scientists define a _______ as an explanation for a very broad class of observed phenomena that is supported by a wide body of evidence. | Theory |
| Cells are ______. | Plasma membrane-bound basic units of life |
| Which major unifying theme of biological sciences was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace? | Biological Evolution |
| Wolves and dogs belong to the same scientific species: Canis lupus L., established in 1758. What is the name of the species for wolves and dogs? | Canis lupus |
| Carl Woese is a biological rock star! Well not quite; but his impact in the field of biology is equal to Albert Einstein's impact in the field of Physics. What impact did Woese have in biology? | He was the first to start using molecular techniques to elucidate relationships and he proposed the taxonomic category of Domain |
| In the 1970s Carl Woese proposed the three taxonomic taxa: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Prior to this time how many Domains were accepted by biologists? | 0 or None-Domains were not recognized as a taxonomic category until Woese |
| The evolutionary history of a species: | Phylogeny |
| Which process(es) adds branches to a phylogeny? | Adaptive radiation |
| Which of the following statements represents an important CONTRAST (differences) between background extinctions and mass extinctions? | During mass extinctions, adaptations for survival and competition make little difference in the likelihood of extinction, whereas the opposite is true of background extinctions |
| What was the Cambrian explosion? | A form of rapid diversification resulting in the evolution of all major animal phyla 541 MYA |
| Which of the following factors may have influenced the Cambrian explosion? | HOX Genes |
| Which lineage contributed to the oxygen revolution? | Bacteria: cyanobacteria |
| Which Geological Time is referred to as the Age of the Mammals and Flowering plants? | Cenozoic Era |
| What defines the time span of periods on the geological time scale? | They are defined by events, such as extinctions and adaptive radiations. |
| The small pox virus in figure 6 has multiple layers. The very outer layers are the ______ and originate from _______. | envelope: host cell |
| The hook and motor design is associated with: | The flagellum in bacteria |
| The Central Dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. What biological phenomena violates the Central Dogma of information molecules? | Reverse transcribing (RT) viruses |
| If you want to avoid getting influenza, what can you do as a prevention? | Get the influenza vaccine |
| In the 1700's a Dutch wool merchant, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to make observations of microbes. What are microbes? | Any small, microscopic organism; eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell type |
| Why do biofilms (microbial assemblages) become an environmental problem? | They are hard to remove due to the polysaccharide cover they form. |
| Which types of metabolic diversity is observed in Bacteria? | Photoautotrophy Chemoorganoautotrophy Chemolithoautotrophy Chemoorganoheterotrophy |
| A human is composed of over 10 trillion microbes. These cells make up the human microbiome or microbiota. Which statement about the microbiome is not correct? | It is important to remove these microbes to avoid increased chances of disease |
| An organism's virulence is defined as | The ability to cause disease |
| When dealing with a bacterial infection, why is it important to know what type of cell wall the virulent bacterium has? The type of cell wall will determine | Which type of antibiotic can be used to kill or reduce the growth of the bacterium |
| The antibiotic penicillin acts by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis. Penicillin is commonly used to treat what type of infection? | Bacterial, caused by Gram (+) bacteria |
| Which of the following bacterial groups is important in the production of antibiotics used in the pharmaceutical industry? | Actinobacteria |
| Carl Worse and collaborators identified three major branches in the tree of life. What was the basis for dividing all of the living organisms into three major branches? | molecular characteristics: genetic characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences |
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