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mol. genetics ch 22
using the genetic code
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| does each codon code for a different amino acid? | no, since multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. the genetic code is degenerate. |
| what is third-base degeneracy? | the lesser effect on codon meaning of the nucleotide present in the third codon position |
| if there are more codons for a specific amino acid, what does this say about the amino acid? | that it is more commonly utilized by proteins, and that mutations (in the third position) will not affect the amino acid coded for |
| what is the wobble hypothesis? | a single type of tRNA can recognize and bind to multiple codons, each coding for the same amino acid |
| at what site does wobble occur? | the 3rd nucleotide position in the mRNA codon (3' end) and the 1st nucleotide position in the tRNA anticodon (5' end) |
| what is the most common non-convention pairing at the site where wobble occurs? | the guanine-uracil (G-U) pair |
| how many bases in tRNA are modified? what is the most common modification? | a total of 81 reported different types of modifications, with 15-20% of its bases are modified. most common modification is made to uridine and cytosine which is methylation |
| what does modification in the anticodon mean for the anticodon? | it influences tRNA ability to pair with the mRNA codon |
| what does an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase do? | they charge tRNAs with amino acids to generate aminoacyl-tRNAs using energy from ATP |
| what is an isoaccepting tRNA? | different transfer RNA molecules that carry the same amino acid but have different anticodon sequences |
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angievelasco