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the enlightment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what is Ptolemaic Universe | earth is the center of the universe |
| What is a heliocentric universe? | Sun is the center of the universe |
| what did Tycho Brahe create | a observatory |
| why were philosophers afraid to share their ideas? | they would be committed of heresy. they could also get burned at the stake |
| going aganist the church | |
| how did Greeks view the universe | they believed it was stationary |
| what law did Johannes Kepler create | elliptical orbits |
| what does Galileo Galilei improve | the telescope |
| what are some things Galileo Galilei saw in the sky ? | moons, craters, Venus. he also proves Copericus correct |
| who was Copernicus ? | a renaissance man |
| what does Galileo say when he is on trial ? | "yet it moves" |
| what math is newton use and what did he prove? | he proved that gravity existed using calculus |
| what did George la Mettrie say about the universe ? | it was gods particle and the big band theory |
| what did Edwin Hubble prove ? | universe is far larger |
| what book did thomas hobbes write | Leviathan |
| what is divine right | Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. |
| what is the social contract | the right to rule comes from the people |
| what did people do to avoid chaos and danger | give up some rights |
| who is responsible for a poor ruler? | the people |
| what book does Jhon Locke create | two treaties of government |
| do people have natural rights and what are their rights | yes life, liberty, property |
| who did John Locke influence? | founding fathers |
| what was england monarchy | a constiutional monarchy |
| what was france mmonarchy | a absoulte monarchy |
| why did Voltaire live in exile a lot | he spoke out against the church. |
| freedom of expression | its okay to disagree with the church |
| Enlightenment | movemnt during the 1700's |
| Philosophes | social crities in france |
| Thomas Hobbes | believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority |
| King Charles | executed as a result of the English Civil War |
| State of Nature/Hobbes | thought that life would be "solitary,poor,nasty,brutish, and short". |
| Social Contract | a contract between the government and the people. to give away some rights for protection |
| John Locke | English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights |
| Natural Rights | Life, Liberty, and Property |
| Two Treatises on Government | a book written by John locke; speaks about the government |
| Tabula Rasa | blank slate |
| Reason | why we do the things we do |
| Voltaire | french philosopher who fought for freedom of speech,religion,and expression. |
| Freedom of Religion | people shall be free to exercise their religion, and government may not establish a religion |
| Freedom of Speech | the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint. |
| Freedom of Expression | Its okay to disagree with the church or government |
| View on Democracy | Voltaire believed it was to much power for the people |
| Montesquieu | French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive,legislative, and judicial powers |
| Monarchies | based upon honor and impressing the leader |
| Republics | based upon vulture, good things, put other interest over personal interest |
| Despotism | dictatorship and having little regard for the people |
| Three Branches of Government | Legislative, Executive, Judicial |
| Legislative | the branch of government that makes the laws |
| Executive | Carries out the laws |
| Judicial | Interprets the laws |
| Separation of Powers | Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law |
| Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power |
| On The Spirit of Laws | This work by Montesquieu called for a separation of powers and heavily influenced the formation of American government |
| James Madison | Father of the Constitution |
| Rousseau | believed people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially the uneven distribution of property |
| Individual Freedom | The absence of restraint on our ability to think and act for ourselves. |
| State of Nature/Rousseau | Men in a state of nature are free and equal. In a state of nature, men are "Noble Savages". Civilization is what corrupted him. |
| Direct Democracy | A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives |
| Representative Democracy | A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people. |
| Titles of Nobility | a person cannot be granted a title of lord/lady, duke/duchess |
| Mary Astell | Wrote Serious Proposal to the Ladies that said women were to be better educated. She also argued for the equality of the sexes in marriage. |
| A Serious Proposal For the Ladies | book written by Mary Astel: addressed the lack of education,government , and unequal rights. |
| Rights Regarding Marriage | unequal rights for women in marriage. "how come the man has all the control?" |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." |
| A Vindication of the Rights of Woman | Written by Mary Wollstonecraft in 1792, this tract was one of the earliest expressions of feminist consciousness. |
| Education Rights | everyone should have the right to get t an education |
| Job Opportunity | an opportunity of enployment |
| Salons | where they would gather to talk about the enlightment |
| Emilie du Chatelet | woman aristocrat trained as a mathematician and physicist |
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