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Microbio L18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Defense of the CNS Meninges | tissues that surround brain and spinal cord |
| Defense of the CNS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | in meninges, cushioning |
| Defense of the CNS Blood Brain barrier (BBB) | CNS blood vessels are super tightly joined Nothing gets from blood to CNS without permission Difficult to bypass |
| CNS Symptoms | Meningitis and Encephelitis |
| Viral Nervous System Infections (2) | 1. Polio 2. Rabies |
| Polio | Cytolytic: kills cells Fecal-oral transmission Digestive to muscles to CNS |
| Polio symptoms | Mostly flu-like symptoms, some GI issues |
| Polio symptoms in the CNS | Causes muscle weakness or flaccid paralysis Lack of ability to move, relaxed Death of neurons can’t be replaced Some cannot breath, iron lungs |
| Treating Polio Vaccines IPV | parenteral, inactivated, immunity in blood, boosters |
| Treating Polio Vaccines OPV | oral, attenuated, community spread (good and bad) |
| Pros and Cons of OPV | Pro: Stops the virus from spreading beyond intestines Con: Can cause paralysis maybe |
| Pros and Cons of IPV | Pro: Contains inactivated pathogen, so safer Con: More costly |
| Rabies | Zoonotic Muscles to PNS to CNS Does NOT lyse cells But does shut down neurons Long incubation (2-12 months) |
| Rabies symptoms | Nausea and pins and needles Fever, headache, hydrophobia, salivation, hallucination Coma and cardiac arrest |
| Treating Rabies | Rabies is 100% fatal if untreated Must treat before symptoms If neurological symptoms present, it’s too late |
| Post exposure prophylaxis | Passive antibody treatment Inactivated rabies vaccine Create an immune response to deal with slow moving virus before it spreads Vaccine is not long lasting (virus mutates quickly) |
| Bacterial Nervous System Infections (5) | 1. Meningococcal Meningitis 2. Pneumococcal Meningitis 3. Listeria Meningitis 4. Botulism 5. Tetanus |
| Meningococcal Meningitis | GRAM NEGATIVE Resident of nasal microbiome, can spread |
| Meningococcal Meningitis Symptoms Treatment | Fevers, chills, confusion, photosensitivity, rash, stiff neck Death in hours after fever onset Antibiotics Vaccine |
| Pneumococcal Meningitis | GRAM POSITIVE Invades CNS from nose, breaks BBB |
| Pneumococcal Meningitis Symptoms Treatment | Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck Routine vaccine (PCV13) |
| Listeria Meningitis | Foodborne, can grow under refrigeration Evades immune system, grows in macrophages |
| Listeria Meningitis Symptoms Treatments | Presents like a cold in healthy adults Lethal to fetuses You treat it with lactams, not cephalosporins |
| Botulism | Blocks stimulatory neurotransmitters Needs low oxygen, low pH, low salt to grow Growth in improperly canned foods At-home, bay food, honey Bulge, spray, smell |
| Botulism Symptoms | Kills nerves, causes flaccid paralysis 1ng lethal BUT used for cosmetic purposes |
| Tetanus | Blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters Common in soil (NOT RUST) Must enter a deep wound |
| Tetanus Symptoms Treatment | Spastic paralysis, respiratory failure 50% fatal Vaccine against (Tdap and DTaP) |
| Parasitic Nervous System Infections | 1. Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) |
| Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) (Brain eating amoeba) | Rare, found in warm, stagnant water Ponds, but also neti ponds Burrows through nose to olfactory nerve |
| Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) (Brain eating amoeba) Symptoms | Headache, sore throat, fever, stiff neck, seizures, coma |
| Prion Nervous System Infections | Infectious proteins, cause protein mis- folding Cause neurons to die, holes in brain |
| Prion Nervous System Infections Example | Mad Cow Disease in cattle !!!!!!Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease in humans !!!!!!! CJD is a Variant form from mad cow beef ! |
| explain how tetanus and botulism toxins cause different types of paralysis | Tetanus causes rigid spasms of the chest muscles Botulism causes flaccid paralysis of the diaphragm |
| Polio causative agent | Polio virus |
| Rabies causative agent | Rabies virus |
| Meningococcal causative agent | N. meningitidis |
| Pneumococcal causative agent | S. pneumoniae |
| Listeria meningitis causative agent | L. Monocytogenes |
| Botulism causative agent | Botulinum toxin from C. Botulinum |
| Tetanus causative agent | C. tetanus |
| PAM causative agent | Naegleria Fowleri (brain-eating amoeba) |
| CJD causative agent | Variant of mad cow diseae form from mad cow beef |
| Meningitis symptoms 4 | Inflammation of meninges Stiff neck S. pneumoniae N. mengitidis |
| Encephalitis Symptoms 4 | Inflammation of brain Seizures Arboviruses B. burgdorferi |
| BOTH meningitis and encephalitis symptoms 3 | Headache Usually viral CSF culture for diagnostic |
Created by:
liladdoyle