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deviance 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| External Control | formal controls that society places on an individual to keep him or her from engaging in crime or deviance. |
| Internal Control | rules and norms exercised through our conscience. |
| Social Bonds | bonds to conformity that keep individuals from engaging in socially unacceptable activities. |
| Trajectory | a series of linked states or patterns under some domain of behavior. For example, students reading this book are likely to be in an educational trajectory, seeking a degree in higher education. |
| Reintegrative Shaming | a reaction to deviant behavior that views the offender as a good person who has done a bad deed; this process encourages repair work and forgiveness rather than simply labeling the individual as a bad person. |
| Residual Rule Breaking | deviance for which there exists no clear category—acts that are not crimes yet draw attention and make the societal audience uncomfortable. |
| Conflict | a theoretical perspective that considers how society is held together by power and coercion for the benefit of those in power (based on social class, gender, race, or ethnicity). |
| Dialectical Materialism | the belief that nature (the material world) is full of contradictions (conflict) and that through a process of negotiating those contradictions, we can arrive at a new reality. |
| False Consciousness | laborers’ lack of awareness of the exploitation they are experiencing at the hands of the owners of the means of production and capitalism. |
| Social Construction | subjective definition or perception of conditions. |
| Demedicalization | component of the bond in social control theory that suggests the stronger the awareness, understanding, and agreement with the rules and norms of society, the less likely one will be to deviate. |
| Felon Disenfranchisement | the loss of the right to vote in local and national elections after conviction for a felony offense; laws vary by state. |
| institutionalization | when individuals who have been confined to a prison, mental hospital, or other total institution become so used to the structure and routine of the facility that they lose the confidence and capability to exist independently in the outside world |
| Medicalization of Deviance | a process by which nonmedical problems and behaviors become defined and treated as medical conditions; examples might include mental illness, hyperactivity, alcoholism, and compulsive gambling |
| Pains of Imprisonment | as described by Gresham Sykes, the pains of imprisonment include deprivation of liberty, deprivation of goods and services, deprivation of heterosexual relationships, deprivation of autonomy, and deprivation of security. |
| Criminal Career Paradigm | a view that there are some criminals who offend at high rates across their life courses. |
| Risk Factors | factors that place certain individuals at greater risk for engaging in deviant (often unhealthy) behaviors. |
Created by:
Annie321