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POLS 1010 Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Delegate | Legislators who vote according to the preferences of their constituents |
| Trustee | Legislators who vote according to what they think is best for their constituents |
| Bicameral legislature | Congress is split between the Senate and the House |
| Difference of Congress | Smaller and more deliberative |
| Difference of the House | Larger and more centralized, process is more organized |
| Incumbency advantage | Current office holder has an advantage in the next election |
| Pork-barrel legislation | Funding for local projects |
| Speaker of the House | Chief presiding officer of the House |
| Standing Committees | Permanent status and a designated subject area |
| Special powers of Congress | Advice and consent, impeachment, and oversight |
| Purpose of oversight | Preventing fraud and abuse, protect civil liberties |
| Executive privilege | The privilege claimed by the executive for withholding information in the public interest |
| The Watergate Investigation | Burglars broke into Democratic National Headquarters, investigation uncovered evidence, Nixon resigned |
| Federalist 70 | A single, strong, executive for the government |
| Going public | A tactic by which presidents seek to force members of Congress to support their policies by appealing directly to and mobilizing the public |
| Federal bureaucracy | The complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that large-scale institutions use to coordinate the work of their personnel |
| Features of the federal court system | Autonomy, hierarchy, judicial review, lifetime appointment |
| Criminal law | Cases arising out of actions that violate law |
| Civil law | Cases involving disputes among individuals and government that do not involve criminal cases |
| Public law | Cases involving powers of government and rights of citizens |
| Precedents | Applied from past cases whose principles are used by judges as their basis for their decision in current cases |
| Trial court | The first court to hear a criminal or civil case |
| Court of appeals | A court that hears the appeals of lower court decisions |
| Supreme Court | The highest court in a particular state or in the country |
| Jurisdiction | When the court has the authority to hear a case |
| Chief Justice of Supreme Court | Presides over the Court's public sessions and conferences, speaks first, votes last |
| US Supreme Court size | One chief justice and eight associates |
| Supreme Court selection | Nominated by the President and confirmed by Congress |
| Federalist 78 | Argues that the judiciary is the least dangerous branch of government |
| Judicial review | The power of the courts to determine whether the actions of other branches are constitutional |
| Dynamic court | Courts can be effective producers of significant social reform because of their independence |
| Constrained court | Courts are not effective producers of significant social reform because of lack of power |
| Goals of economic policy | Promote stable markets, economic prosperity, business development, protects employees and consumers |
| Monopoly/anti-trust policy | Avoids or breaks up a single firm dominating a market |
| Monetary policy | Comprises the regulation of the economy through manipulation of the supply of money, price of money, and the availability of credit |
| Fiscal policy | Involves regulation of the economy through taxing and spending powers |
| Subsidies | Financial support provided by the government |
| Tariffs | Taxes on imports |
| American welfare state | A set of national public policies by which the government plays a central role in promoting the social and economic well-being of its citizens |
| Contributory programs | A social programed financed in whole or in part by taxation or other mandatory contributions by its present or future recipients |
| Non-contributory programs | Assist people based on the demonstrated need rather than the contributions they have made |
| Main goals of forgein policy | Protect and promote US security, prosperity, and Democratic values |
| Game theory | Models scenarios in order to demonstrate why rational actors behave the way they do |
| The Prisoner's Dilemma | Demonstrates why rational actors may not cooperate even if it is in their best interest to do so |
| Realism | Views international relations as anarchial |
| NATO | Military alliance between 32 countries |
| Globalization | Interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations |
| Political culture | Shared set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that shape how citizens perceive, interact with, and participate in their political system |
| Article I Section 8 | Powers of Congress |
| Article II | Powers of the president |
| Article III | The Supreme Court |
| Marbury v Madison | Established judicial review |
| US v Nixon | Limited presidential power |
Created by:
erindineen