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Questions and VS. PT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. 4 Cases of Freedom | Laws against holocaust denial, law against hate speech, Charlie Hebdo & blasphemy, and TikTok ban |
| a. Law against Holocaust Denial | Preventing and honoring |
| b. Law against hate speech | Protection and equality |
| c. Charlie Hebdo & Blasphemy | Religion |
| d. TikTok Ban | National Security |
| 2. Natural Law | Moral propositions are objectively true or false, standards of morality are from nature of human beings and the world, and law is rooted in moral order. |
| 3. Legal Positivism | Law based on social and political facts, legal system depends on the need and requirements of governance, and law is decree of a sovereign government. |
| 4. Harm | Can be established objectively |
| a. Physical harm | Being attacked or threatened |
| b. Material harm | Having your property stolen or destroyed |
| c. Economic harm | Your financial stability is negatively impacted |
| 5. Offense | Depends on personal beliefs and attitudes rather than objective harm. |
| a. How to respond to offensive behavior? | Avoid and engage in persuasion |
| 6. Conservative | Actions that violate morality should be disapproved (Cheating in a Relationship) |
| 7. Communitarian | Action disapproved by our way of life/ cultural traditions (Respecting elders in certain cultures) |
| 8. Majoritarian | Actions disapproved by “we the citizens” (public smoking bans) |
| 9. Liberal | All actions that harm other individuals should be disapproved (drunk driving) |
| 10. Questions of Equality | Why is equality important?, Between whom should equality exist?, What should be equalized? |
| 11. Why Civic Educations? | Prevents authoritarianism, encourages informed participants in government, and strengthens democratic institutions by ensuring accountability |