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comm 111z midterm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stage fright | anxiety over prospect of speaking in front of an audience |
| three benefits of public speaking | 1. personal empowerment 2. social empowerment 3. professional empowerment |
| what three things make us nervous? | 1. fear of humiliation 2. being unprepared 3. pressure to perform |
| 6 ways to reduce speech anxiety | 1. aquire experience 2. prepare 3. think positively 4. select appropriate topic 5. focus on message 6. channel nervous energy 7. visual aids 8. move around |
| positive nervousness | controlled nervousness that helps energize speaker for presentation |
| where should you start organizing a speech? | the body |
| what are the three aspects of main points? | 1. logical divisions 2. reasons 3. specific steps |
| what are 5 speech organizational patterns, ways to arrange the main points in the body? | 1. chronologically 2. topically 3. spatially 4. cause and effect 5. problem/solution |
| what are 4 types of connectives? | 1. transitions 2. internal preview 3. internal summary 4. signpost |
| what is a transition? | indicates speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another |
| what is an internal preview? | statement in body of speech indicating what speaker will discuss next |
| what is an internal summary? | statement in body of speech summarizing preceding points |
| what is a signpost? | brief statement showing where speaker is or focusing attention on key ideas |
| what the the 4 components/purposes for an introduction | 1. attention getter 2. establish credibility/goodwill 3. relate to audience 4. preview statement (central idea and main points) |
| what are 8 types of attention getters? | 1. anecdote 2. startling fact/action 3. quote 4. humor 5. question 6. personal experience 7. reference to recent event or occasion 8. activity |
| what is establishing credit/goodwill? | perception of whether speaker has best interests of audience in mind |
| preview statement | maps out points and what will be discussed |
| what are the 4 purposes and components of a conclusion | 1. signal end of speech 2. reinforce central idea and summarize 3. motivate audience to respond (call to action) 4. memorable ending |
| 6 types of memorable endings | 1. quotes 2. humor 3. anecdotes 4. questions 5. reference introduction 6. appeal to action |
| what are 4 types of supporting material | 1. examples 2. statistics 3. testimony 4. analogies |
| what is the purpose of using examples? | 1. engage mind's eye 2. interest 3. connect to audience qualify ideas |
| what are 3 types of examples? | 1. brief 2. extended (anecdote) 3. hypothetical must be realistic and use stats |
| what are the 4 tips for using statistics? | 1. reliable sources 2. use to quantify ideas 3. use sparingly 4. identify sources |
| what is a testimony? | quotation or paraphrase used to support main points |
| what are two types of testimony? | 1. expert testimony 2. peer testimony (ordinary people with firsthand experience/insight on topic) |
| what are 3 aspects of analogies? | 1. comparisons 2. compare known to unknown 3. helps listeners understand unfamiliar ideas |
| what are 5 advantages of using visual aids? | 1. clarify 2. interest 3. retention 4. credibility 5. persuasiveness |
| what are 10 types of visual aids? | 1. objects 2. models 3. another person 4. drawings 5. graphs 6. charts 7. videos 8. the speaker 9. multimedia presentations 10. photographs |
| what is the nonverbal expectancy theory? | suggest that if listeners expectations about how communication should be expressed are violated, listeners will feel less favorable towards the communicator or message |
| what are 4 aspects that show the power of delivery? | 1. audience loses interest without good delivery 2. speaker loses credibility without good delivery 3. emotional connections (emotion contagion theory) 4. audience believe what they see |
| what are 4 methods of delivery? | 1. manuscript 2. memorized 3. impromptu 4. extemporaneous |
| what are 7 methods of effective delivery? | 1. eye contact 2. gestures 3. movement 4. posture/stance 5. facial expressions 6. voice 7. personal appearance |
| what are two good things about eye contact? | 1. credibility 2. establish in introduction |
| what are 6 types of gestures? | 1. repeating 2. substituting 3. complementing 4. emphasizing 5. regulating 6. contradicting (bad) |
| what are 3 things that movement adds to a speech? | 1. paragraphs message 2. invites interest 3. immediacy |
| what are two good things that good posture provides? | 1. strength 2. credibility |
| what are two things to know about facial expressions? | 1. expresses thoughts, emotions, attitudes 2. should be consistent with message |
| what are 2 details about using your voice in a speech? | 1. one of the most important delivery tools 2. extends meaning of words |
| what are 6 components of voice? | 1. pitch 2. pauses 3. volume 4. articulation 5. pronunciation 6. rate affects learning, interest, memory |
| what are two things to know about personal appearance? | 1. affects how audience responds to you and your message 2. enhances credibility |
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