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radiation safety-MP
radiation safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define thermionic emission | |
| what accelerates the electrons over to the anode | |
| what decelerates the electrons | |
| heat vs. xray percentage | 99% heat 1% xrays |
| definition of brem radiation | |
| definition of characteristic radiation | |
| do the interactions happen at the tube or at the patient? | |
| how does the xray beam travel | cathode to anode |
| does the xray beam have a mass | |
| does the xray beam have a charge | |
| speed? | travels at the speed of light |
| define frequency | |
| define wavelength | |
| how does increasing energy affect frequency | |
| how does increasing energy affect wavelength | |
| can kVp also be an influencing factor for quality | |
| definition of photoelectric interactions | |
| definition of compton interactions | |
| definition of coherent interactions | |
| which interaction is responsible for patient dose | photoelectric |
| which interaction is responsible for tech dose | compton |
| will hardware like a hip replacement have high or low attenuation | high |
| will sift tissue or air have a high or low attenuation | low |
| air kerma and exposure are measured in | |
| absorbed dose is measured in | grays or Gy (A's have grays) |
| equivalent dose | sievert or Sv "if theres a Q, it multiplies by 2" (E's have V's) |
| effective dose | sievert or Sv (E's have V's) |
| 1Gy = how many J/kg? | |
| equivalent dose formula | |
| effective dose formula | |
| what is the weighting factor for xrays | |
| random & probablistic | |
| predictable (non random) & tissue response | |
| threshold dose | when you have to get a certain dose before you see effects |
| non threshold dose | when any dose at all could give you the effects |
| cancer and genetic mutations happen with | |
| cataracts and skin erythema happen with | |
| when will you see short term effects | |
| examples of short term effects | |
| examples of long term effects | |
| what is the latency period of leukemia | |
| define radiolysis | |
| who is affected by somatic effects | anyone exposed to the radiation |
| who is affected by genetic effects | any of the offspring of the people exposed to the radiation |
| is ARS deterministic or stochastic | |
| is ARS an early or late effect | |
| what is the threshold dose of GI syndrome & what is the timeline for death | |
| what is the threshold dose of hemotopoetic syndrome & what is the timeline for death | |
| what is the threshold dose of cerebrovascular syndrome & what is the timeline for death | |
| phases of ARS | |
| what is the law of bergonie and tribondeau | |
| which stage of pregnancy is most sensitive | |
| define carcinogenesis | |
| factors considered for radiosensitivity | |
| what type of radiation is most damaging | |
| define LET | |
| does xray use high or low LET | |
| define RBE | |
| if LET increases, how does that affect RBE | |
| the weighting factor is used to calculate what type of dose | |
| what is oxygenation | |
| what is hypoxia | |
| what is anoxia | |
| what is the OER | |
| are cells more sensitive when higher oxygenated | yes |
| whole body yearly dose for technologist | 50 mSv |
| lens of the eye dose | 150 mSv |
| skin and extremities dose | 500 mSv |
| fetus total dose | 5 mSv |
| fetus monthly dose | 0.5 mSv |
| public annual dose | 5 mSv |
| which dosimeter uses lithium fluoride | TLD |
| which dosimeter uses aluminum oxide | OSL |
| which dosimeter uses heat | TLD |
| which dosimeter uses a laser | OSL |
| which dosimeter provides a permanent record of dose | |
| how often are the dosimeter reports available for occupation workers | |
| how thick does a primary barrier need to be | |
| how thick does a secondary barrier need to be | |
| what is the controlled area vs. uncontrolled area | |
| HVL definition | |
| if you double your distance, how much will your intensity decrease by | |
| how can technical factors be adjusted to decrease pt dose | high kVp, low mAs or higher mA, shorter time |
| increasing collimation = | smaller light field |
| decreasing collimation = | larger light field |
| how is a grid contructed | |
| why does filtration lower patient skin dose | filters out the lower energy photons that would get stuck in the pt and not make it to the receptor |
| NCRP #102 requires how much filtration at 70 kVp | 2.5 mm al |
| DR will ___ patient dose over CR or film | reduce |
| describe ABC | |
| what is the max mA station for fluoro | |
| can you remove the grid in stationary fluoro equipment | |
| when should "boost" be used in fluoro | |
| SSD for mobile fluoro is | 12in (30 cm) |
| SSD for fixed fluoro is | 15in (38 cm) |
| what is the air kerma display | |
| where is the DAP meter located | |
| what is the ESD at the table for fluoro |
Created by:
elliekhughes