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Phonetics Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| respiratory system | provide the body with oxygen through breathing; provide the power for speech production |
| diaphragm | most important muscle for respiration |
| quiet breathing | when not talking; 40% inspiration, 60% expiration virtually the same |
| speech breathing | when talking; 10% inspiration, 90% expiration |
| laryngeal system | keeps foreign material out of the trachea and lungs; phonation via vibration of VF |
| abduction of VF | during inspiration; not speaking |
| adduction of VF | during expiration; vibration in order to speak |
| adam's apple | laryngeal prominence |
| voice box | larynx |
| windpipe | trachea |
| supralaryngeal system | direct airflow orally or nasally based on position of velum; articulation |
| tip of velum | uvula |
| velum | soft palate; raises or lowers to direct air either nasally (lowered) or orally (raised) |
| tongue | whole thing is the body; parts are apex, blade, dorsum and root |
| clinical phonetics | the application of phonetics to a clinical population |
| phonetics | the study of the production and perception of speech sounds |
| acoustic phonetics | physical properties of sounds |
| articulatory phonetics | how and where sound are produced in the dynamic vocal tract |
| perceptual phonetics | study of how we hear and interpret speech sounds |
| onset | consonants that come before the vowel |
| coda | consonants that come after a vowel |
| nucleus | the vowel in a syllable |
| rime | contains the nucleus and the coda |
| simple syllable | a syllable that contains no consonants or only a singleton consonant (V, VC, CV, CVC) |
| complex syllable | a syllable that contains at least one consonant sequence (CCV, VCC) |
| allograph | a letter or combination of letters that represents one speech sound |
| morpheme | the smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning |
| minimal pairs | pair of words that differ by only one phonological element |
| vowels | a speech sound created by little constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities that serves as the syllable of the nucleus. They are voiced and resonate in the oral cavity |
| vowel classification | tongue height, tongue advancement, tongue tension, lip rounding |
| stressed syllable characteristics | higher in pitch, longer in duration, more intense, takes more breath to say it |
| Diphthong | a vowel-like sound which involves a gradual transition from one vowel articulation to (onglide) to another (offglide) |
| monophthong | a "pure" vowel that has a unchanging single quality |
| nonphonemic diphthong | can function as an allophone of a single monophthong rather than a distinct phoneme; CAN be reduced to a single vowel and retain identity; boat |
| phonemic diphthong | a single, distinct phoneme; changing them to monophthong changes the meaning; ex is toy |
| vowel diagraph | a pair of letters that work together to produce a single distinct sound |
| corner vowels | the most extreme vowels on the vowel quadrilateral; ash, first grade a, i, u |
| "i" | high front tense unrounded |
| "u" | high back tense rounded |
| script a | low back lax unrounded |
| ash | low from lax unrounded |
| manners of articulation | stop-plosive, affricates, fricatives, nasal, liquid, glide |
| sonorants | produced with a relatively open vocal tract; includes nasals, liquids, and glides |
| approximants | consonant sounds produced by bringing two articulators close together but not touching, air escapes without audible friction; liquids and glides |
| obstruents | produced by obstruction air flow; stop-plosives, fricatives, and affricates |
| affricates | begin as a stop and release in a fricative |
| cognate pair | same place and manner but differ in voicing; pb, w inverted w, td, fv, zs, esh ezh, d-esh d-ezh, theta eth, |
| AHSA | american speech language hearing association |
| SODA | acronym for identifying the type of error for 5 way scoring; substitution, omission, deletion, or addition |
| coarticulation | speech sounds influence neighboring sounds; examples include tenth |
| diacritic | diacritics are marks used in suprasegmental transcription to indicate change in speech |
| suprasegmental | features or speech that affect an utterance beyond phonetic and allophonic features; include intonation, stress, emotion |
| spondees | compound words that receive the same stress on both syllables |
| knowledge of | testing procedures, dialect as a rule governed system, and phonological and grammatical features of a dialect |
Created by:
zoedinius