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image production- MP
image production
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the role of the glass envelope | maintains a vacuum environment within the tube, made of pyrex glass and contributes to inherent filtration |
| AEC decreases | repeats |
| what end of the tube has the filament and focusing cup | cathode |
| why is a rotating anode preferred over a stationary anode | rotating anode spreads the heat out instead of it hitting one specific spot and creating pitting on the anode |
| what is the anode made of | rhenium alloy tungsten |
| what is a stator | an induction motor that spins the anode during exposure, on the outside of the tube |
| what does the rotor do | spins in a circular direction within the tube |
| what do the bearings do | |
| define the anode heel effect | variation of beam intensity within the tube, intensity increases toward the cathode end and decreases toward the anode end. FAT CAT |
| if the degree of anode angle decreases- will that increase or decrease the anode heel effect | increase the anode heel effect because the angle got steeper/smaller |
| define the line focus principle | |
| is the actual or effective focal spot larger | actual |
| which focal spot goes toward the patient (actual or effective) | effective |
| heat units formula | mA x kVp x sec x factor |
| amperes definition | |
| voltage definition | |
| resistance definition | |
| what are the components of the primary circuit | line voltage meter, autotransformer, major kVp selector, minor kVp selector, exposure timer, prereading kVp meter, exposure switch |
| what are the components of the secondary circuit | step up transformer, rectifiers, mA meter |
| what are the components of the filament circuit | line voltage compensator, mA selector, focal spot selector, step down transformer |
| incoming voltage into the circuit | 220-240 volts |
| what is the role of the autotransformer | kVp selector, operates on self induction |
| what is the role of the step up transformer | converts the incoming low voltage from the secondary side into the high voltage required to produce radiation, operates on mutual induction |
| what is the role of the step down transformer | adjusts the amount of current and voltage supplied, operates on mutual induction |
| what is the role of the rectifiers | convert alternating current into direct current |
| what is the rheostat | |
| when a tech increases mAs on the control panel, what factors will also increase | |
| which transformer comes first in the circuit | autotransformer |
| what uses alternating current | |
| what uses direct current | the xray tube |
| define tube current | |
| how does mA relate to the number of xrays produced | |
| how does mA relate to thermionic emission | |
| what is the reciprocity law | |
| define tube potential | |
| how does kVp relate to the energy of the electron beam | |
| how does kVp relate to beam quality | |
| can kVp change the intensity of the beam? | |
| how does kVp relate to patient dose | |
| if you move farther away from the source, the dose will ____ | decrease |
| where will you find an oscillating grid in the xray room | |
| what type of exams would you use a "stationary" grid | |
| what is grid cutoff | |
| off level grid error is when | |
| off angle grid error is when | |
| off center grid error is when | |
| off focus grid error is when | |
| upside down grid error is when | |
| CR plate layers | |
| what happens in the active/ phosphor layer | |
| latent vs. manifest image | |
| role of the photomultiplier | |
| what is the moire pattern | |
| where are DELs located | |
| the number of pixels depends on the size of the | matrix |
| common matrix size in radiography | |
| would large or small pixels improve spatial resolution | |
| dynamic range definition | |
| exposure latitude definition | |
| bit depth definition | |
| when does quantization take place | |
| increasing bit depth will have an affect on which factors | |
| define histogram | |
| define rescaling | |
| define LUT | |
| what does the term "grayscale" mean | |
| short scale contrast would appear | black and white |
| long scale contrast would appear | lots of grays |
| will low kVp have a high or low attenuation | |
| will high kVp have a high or low attenuation | |
| how does attenuation relate to contrast | |
| would using a higher grid ratio (12:1) increase contrast more than a lower grid ratio (5:1) ? | |
| will the lungs have high or low absorption | |
| will a KUB on a larger patient appear with high or low contrast? why? | |
| when there is more scatter, will there be a lower contrast image appearance? | |
| what is the LUT and what does it do | |
| what does window width change | |
| wide vs. narrow window width | |
| what does window level change | |
| describe SNR | |
| what is the detective quantum efficiency | |
| define receptor exposure | |
| will noise occur at low or high mAs | |
| what does gross exposure error mean | |
| how does mAs affect the receptor exposure | |
| will increasing kVp increase the beam energy | yes |
| will increasing kVp increase the beam penetrability | yes |
| if you increase collimation, that will ___ the field size | decrease |
| how will increasing the collimation affect receptor exposure | |
| does the anode angle change the amount of radiation exiting the xray beam | |
| will decreasing the anode angle increase the anode heel effect | |
| why will a small anode angle decrease the intensity of the xray beam | |
| why will a small anode angle decrease the receptor exposure | |
| will a higher grid ratio (12:1) decrease the receptor exposure more than a lower grid ratio (6:1) | |
| define spatial resolution | |
| what does a high spatial resolution image look like? | |
| will decreasing OID improve spatial resolution ? | |
| will increasing SID improve spatial resolution | |
| list the factors that DO NOT affect spatial resolution | |
| what is DEL pitch | |
| what is pixel pitch | |
| what does MTF evaluate | |
| what is the ideal MTF | |
| 3 controlling factors of size distortion | |
| decreasing SID will ____ magnification | increase |
| decreasing OID will ___ magnification | decrease |
| what is the magnification factor equation | |
| 3 factors involved in shape distortion | |
| forshortening = | part |
| elongation = | tube/ ir alignment (remember TIRE: tube, ir, elongation) |
| brightness gain definition | |
| minification gain definition | |
| flux gain definition | |
| what is the input phosphor made of | |
| what is the photocathode made of | |
| what is the output phosphor made of | |
| why are lower grid ratios used in fluoro imaging | |
| minification gain formula | |
| brightness gain formula | |
| flux gain formula | |
| other names for ABC | |
| vignetting definition | |
| pincuchion artifact | |
| lateral knee rotation position errors | |
| collimation must be within | 2% +/- |
| SID must be within | |
| centering must be within | |
| exposure timer must be within | |
| kVp must be within | +/- 10% |
| exposure reproducibility must be within | |
| linearity must be within | |
| what are the 4 factors for monitor eval | |
| what kVp is recommended for iodinated contrast material | |
| what kVp is recommended for barium | |
| how is luminance tested | |
| lead apron testing is done | annually |
Created by:
elliekhughes