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APUSH Unit 7
Imperialism, WWI and II, Great Depression
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Imperialism | policy of growing influence in foreign countries through military, economy, or creating colonies. |
| Our Country | book by Josiah Strong about westward expansion |
| Alfred T Mahan | important US Navy officer who created the sea power theory |
| Yellow Journalism | created wild stories to generate excitement rather than maintaining accuracy |
| William Randolph Hurst | newspaper publisher of the New York Journal, democrat in the House of Reps and known for yellow journalism |
| Joseph Pulitzer | American newspaper publisher of New York World known for yellow journalism; Democrat in the House of Reps made Pulitzer prizes in his will |
| De Lome Letter | from Spanish Ambassador and criticized William Mckinley for decisions regarding Cuba. led to Spanish-American War |
| USS Maine | US battleship sunk in Cuba supposedly by Spain; the ship was set to protect US investment in Cuba; led to war |
| Splendid little war | name for the Spanish American War which was a decisive victory for the US in less than 100 days. US emerged as a world power gaining more territories |
| Teller amendment | assured Cuba that America would liberate them from Spain and give them self-governance and not claim Cuba as their own |
| Rough Riders | handpicked volunteer cavalry in Spanish-American War created by Teddy Roosevelt. Mostly native-americans, athletic college boys, and men with sense of adventure |
| Treaty of Paris (1898) | ended the Spanish-American War |
| Anti-Imperialist League | made to oppose the treaty of Paris which gave America the right to the Phillipines for imperialism; included Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain |
| Foraker Act | established government in Puerto Rico known as the Organic Act of 1900 and created by Senator Joseph B Foraker |
| Insular Cases | series of cases revealing supreme court declarations about the constitution in relation to US territories acquired after Spanish American War. Extremely racist and justified colonial rule |
| Platt Amendment | permanent treaty with Cuba making Cuba a U.S. protectorate and protected Cuba's independence |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Philippino Revolutionary who became the first president of the Philippines. Fought both Spain and the U.S. |
| Spheres of Influence | region dominated by a power like the U.S. |
| Open Door Policy | US policies declaring that all countries trading with China should have equal rights and access to ports; made to problems with spheres of Influence in coastal China and monopolization of trade |
| John Hay | William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt's secretary of state who created the open door policy |
| Boxer Rebellion | revolt against foreign and christian influence in response to spheres of Influence |
| Panama Canal | man-made canal built by US and completed in 1914 |
| Roosevelt Corollary | 1904 amendment to Monroe doctrine declaring that U.S. could intervene in Latin American countries' affairs |
| Big Stick Policy | Roosevelt doctrine to "speak softly and carry a big stick" as a show of military power |
| Great White Fleet | Roosevelt's US Navy of 16 battleships that took a trip around the world to show power |
| dollar Diplomacy | William Howard Taft's foreign policy of substituting economic wealth for military force |
| Moral Diplomacy | Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy that spread influence by spreading America's ideals of democracy and human rights |
| Lusitania | largest and fastest British Liner that was sunk by a German U-boat killing many people and some Americans. caused America to get involved in World War I and turn against Germany. |
| Sussex Pledge | Germany's promise to the U.S. to stop submarine warfare against passenger ships; eventually broken and another cause of U.S. entrance into the war |
| Unlimited Submarine Warfare | sinking all ships both passenger and battle in a designated region with no warning |
| Zimmerman Note | secret letter of alliance from Germany with Mexico if US entered the war. Mexico would gain back territory like Texas in exchange for the alliance. The note was intercepted by British and led to US joining WWI |
| Jeanette Rankin | first woman to hold federal office in the US as part of the Montana Republican party; she was a pacifist and only member of Congress who voted against US entering WWI |
| Doughboys | nickname for American infantrymen during WWI |
| Harlem Hellfighters | 369th regiment of all black who got their nickname from German foes. Suffered more losses than any other U.S. regiment and spent 191 days in the trenches |
| George Creel | American journalist and government official during WWI who was the chairman of the Committee on Public Information; headed propaganda to support war efforts |
| Over There | patriotic propaganda song by George M. Cohan |
| Liberty Leagues | organization to promote war participation and enlistment and investigated individuals seen as threats to the war efforts. Included APL and KOL |
| 14 Points Peace Plan | plan for peace after WWI involving 14 different steps about trade, borders, and creation of the League of Nations. Created by President Wilson |
| War Industries Board | coordinated war time economy, prices and production |
| Great Migration | Migration of about 6 million black people from the South to the North between 1910s and 1970s for better job opportunities and less Jim Crow Laws |
| espionage Act (1917) | federal law enacted during WWI that prohibited getting in the way of or discouraging military drafting |
| Sedition act (1918) | set of amendments to Espionage Act that criminalized broader things like speech that put the war efforts or government in a bad light |
| Alvin York | one of the most decorated soldiers during WWI who captured German soldiers and machine guns and was actually a Christian and pacifist |
| Armistice | agreement that ends a war. WWI armistice was signed on November 11, 1941 |
| Big Four | leaders of the Four major Allied Powers: Woodrow Wilson, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy |
| League of Nations | international organization created after WWI to promote peace and prevent future wars, predecessor of UN |
| Article X | part of the covenant of the league of nations causing every member to be obligated to protect another member in case of extreme aggression. This was a big stopping point for the US and they ultimately decided against joining the league |
| Treaty of Versailles | Ended WWI and forced Germany to assume all guilt |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican from Massachusetts who served on the senate and opposed the treaty of Versailles and league of nations. Led the reservationists |
| Reservationists | group of Senate members who were against the treaty of Versailles without amendments or reservations. |
| Isolationists/irreconcilables | group of senators who refused the treaty of Versailles in any form |
| Return to Normalcy | Warren G Harding's slogan desiring to return to pre-WWI values and stability |
| Adkins V Children's Hospital | supreme Court Case which declared a minimum wage law for women workers as unconstitutional and violating free wage decisions |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | illegal leasing of oil reserves and and the teapot dome from president Warren G. Harding to Albert Bacon Fall and from Fall to other people based on bribes |
| Ohio Gang | gang of politicians surrounding Warren G. Harding, responsible for teapot dome scandal |
| Washington Conference | world's largest naval powers gather in Washington D.C. to prevent arms race and release naval tension after WWI. created 5 power treaty to limit weaponry |
| Dawes Plan | arrangement for Germany to pay for WWI gradually increasing quotas each year |
| Young Plan | revision of Dawes Plan decreasing the amount of money Germany needed to pay back and restrictions |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | effort to keep peace; outlawed war as a method of national policy and instead resolved international conflicts diplomatically. Unsuccessful because included allowances for "self-defense" |
| Good Neighbor Policy | initiated by FDR and took back the Platt amendment. America no longer has the right to get involved with Latin American affairs; made to improve relations with Latin America |
| Calvin Coolidge | 30th president of the U.S.; Republican and vice president of Warren G. Harding; governor of Massachusetts and nicknamed Silent Cal; followed laissez faire policy. |
| Herbert Hoover | 31st president of the US; Republican and humanitarian who helped starving people in Europe and headed commission for relief in Belgium. Created the Reconstruction Financing Corporation during the Great Depression |
| Red Scare | hysteria of communism caused by Russian Revolution and perpetuated by Palmer's Raids |
| Palmer's Raids | arrest and deportation of thousands of communist suspects led by A. Mitchell Palmer |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | two Italian brothers who immigrated to the US and were accused of murder; found guilty and executed after long trial probably biased judges |
| KK | resurgence of KKK but expanded to be anti-catholic, nativist, anti-immigrant, anti-alcohol and said they were 100% americanism |
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