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MedChem of the Day
| Drug | Class | Action/Use |
|---|---|---|
| ibuprofen | NSAID | - Anti-inflammatory - Reduces fever, relieves pain, and decreases inflammation by blocking prostaglandin production through inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) |
| Fluconazole | antifungal | Used to treat and prevent fungal infections by targeting production of fungal cell membranes → prevents formation of ergosterole |
| Fluoxetine | SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) | Depression and anxiety Binds to SERT (serotonin transporter) and inhibits serotonin reuptake → increases extracellular concentration serotonin concentration in synaptic cleft prolonging its effect |
| Zolpidem | Hypnotic (benzodiazepine) | Insomnia Binds to alpha subunit of GABA increasing flow of Cl- hyperpolarizing the cell producing a calming/inhibitory effect |
| Lisinopril | ACE inhibitor | Used to treat hypertension Blocks ACE from forming angiotensin II leading to vasodilation → lowers blood pressure Less angiotensin II also reduces aldosterone production resulting in less salt and water being reabsorbed → fluid volume decreases |
| Spironolactone | Diuretic (aldosterone receptor antagonist) | Used to treat hyperaldosteronism, heart failure, hypertension, and edema Competes with aldosterone and blocks it → kidney eliminates excess water and sodium into the urine but reduces loss of potassium from the body (can lead to hypokalemia) |
| Prednisone | Corticosteroid | Prodrug → active form prednisolone Suppresses immune system’s inflammatory response that causes swelling, redness, and pain |
| Cefdinir | Antibiotic → cephalosporin 3rd gen (much improved gram neg, decent gram pos) | Binds to penicillin binding proteins and interrupts cross-linking making bacterial cells more susceptible to lysis |
| Alprazolam | Benzodiazepine | Used for anxiety Opening of GABA receptor channels increases letting more Cl- flow into → hyperpolarizing postsynaptic neuron causing brain to be less sensitive to stimulation |
| Quetiapine | Atypical Antipsychotic (2nd gen) | Blocks dopamine D2 receptors in brain → reduce excessive dopamine signaling Blocks serotonin receptors → reduce side effects associated with typical antipsychotics Antagonizes histamine H1 receptors → cause sedation |
| Valacyclovir | Antiviral | Used to treat viral infections Prodrug → converted to acyclovir (active drug) Acyclovir activated by being phosphorylated by thymidine kinase Causes chain termination when incorporated into DNA replication |
| Duloxetine | SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) | Used to treat depression, anxiety, chronic/nerve pain Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine leading to higher levels in synaptic cleft enhancing neurotransmission in the CNS and modulates descending inhibitory pain pathways in spinal cord |
| Clonazepam | Antianxiety (benzodiazepine) | Used to treat anxiety Increases GABA receptor affinity for GABA and/or increases the frequency of Cl- channel opening causing influx of Cl- |
| Carvedilol | Beta blocker | Used to treat heart failure, hypertension Blocks both beta 1 and 2 receptors causing peripheral vasodilation |
| Tramadol | Synthetic opioid analgesic (CIV) | Used to treat moderate pain Binds to mu-opioid receptors in brain and spinal cord blocking pain signals Also inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine Metabolized via CYP2D6 |
| Promethazine | Antihistamine (1st gen → crosses BBB) | Blocks histamine H1 receptors preventing histamine attachment Has anticholinergic effects → blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptor helping to dry up secretions and reduce nausea and vomiting Exhibits CNS depression effects (sedative effects) |
| Mometasone | Corticosteroid | Used to reduce local inflammation Binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors → alters gene expression to decrease immune signaling molecule production |
| Fexofenadine | Antihistamine (2nd gen) | Used for allergies competes with histamine for H1 receptors to reduce hypersensitivity/allergic reactions |
| Allopurinol | Antihyperuricemic – Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor | Lowers high uric acid levels in blood and/or urine as for gout Inhibits xanthine oxidase decreasing conversion of hypoxanthine → xanthine → uric acid |
| Atorvastatin | Statin → lowers LDL cholesterol and triglycerides | Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase reducing liver’s synthesis of cholesterol and lowers production of lipoproteins (esp LDL) Tend to raise HDL levels |
| Metformin | Antidiabetic | Used to treat type 2 diabetes Suppresses liver gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity allowing cells to use insulin effectively |
| Levothyroxine | Thyroid hormone | Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) used for hypothyroidism Replaces deficient thyroid hormone (T4) and is converted in tissues to activate T3 |
| Amlodipine | Calcium channel blocker | Used to treat hypertension Blocks L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscles → reduction of intracellular calcium levels → muscle relaxation, vasodilation, and reduces systemic vascular resistance |
| Gabapentin | anticonvulsants/antiepileptics | Targets 2δ subunit of voltage gated calcium channels → reduces excitatory neurotransmitter release in certain neurons |
| Metoprolol | Beta-blocker that selectively blocks beta-1 receptors | Used for hypertension Antagonizes beta-1 adrenergic receptors and reduces renin release from kidneys leading to lower activity of RAAS |
Created by:
rach6774