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EXAM 4 STUDY PREP
Abdominal Sonography II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an advantage of using I 123 sodium iodide in thyroid imaging? | Low radiation absorbed dose |
| PET/CT scans reveal what information in the body? | Cellular metabolism and anatomic structure |
| Why is radioactive iodide used in thyroid imaging? | Because it mimics the structure of the thyroid and pathology that may be on it |
| What is the percentage of uptake on a nuclear medicine study in a patient with hypothyroidism? | < 5% |
| Which pharmaceutical is used primarily for thyroid therapy? | 131 I sodium iodide |
| Which of the following would be considered safe or a relative contraindication for an MRI? | Vascular clips |
| Which field in MRI is used to excite and disturb protons to generate a signal? | Radiofrequency field |
| What component of the MRI unit provides the external RF energy source? | Coil |
| Which MRI zone is considered the safest and accessible to the general public? | 1 |
| Which of the following could be used as vascular access for a left heart catheterization? | Femoral Artery |
| What diagnostic imaging exam uses an injection and x-ray technology to view blood vessels? | Arteriogram |
| Shielding equipment in radiation protection | lead gloves, apron, goggles |
| Which of the following are indications for a left heart catheterization? | Myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, coronary artery disease |
| What is the most common complication/risk associated with cardiac catheterization? | Vascular access site complication |
| What unit of measurement is assigned to tissues based on attenuation? | Hounsfield |
| What imaging planes are used in CT imaging? | Axial, coronal, and sagittal |
| Which of the following are components of a CT unit? | Gantry, Detector, X-ray tube |
| What are some ways in which CT has developed to reduce radiation? | Improved filtration and detector technology |
| What lab test led to the development of the international normalized ratio (INR) because of the variable results obtained for this test among different laboratories? | Prothrombin time (PT) |
| What is the most common abdominal organ that is biopsied? | Liver |
| What laboratory test is used to evaluate the effects of heparin, aspirin, and antihistamines on the blood clotting process? | Partial thromboplastin time |
| What gauge needle is typically used during a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) procedure? | 20-25 |
| What is/are indications for a renal transplant biopsy? | Increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), increase in creatinine, indication of organs rejection (all are correct) |
| What type of biopsy uses an automatic, spring-loaded device to provide a sample of tissue for histologic analysis? | Core Biopsy |
| What is the role of the Cytopathology Team during a biopsy procedure? | Ensure enough diagnostic tissue is obtained, increase the percentage of successful biopsies, minimize the number of core samples (all are correct) |
| What is/are limitations of ultrasound during interventional procedures? | Bowel gas, isoechoic masses, inexperienced ultrasound personnel (all are correct) |
| Renal parenchymal biopsies are usually requested for patients with which medial condition? | Proteinuria |
| True or False: informed consent does not need to be obtained from the patient for routine biopsy procedures | False |
| What is a specific complication of a renal biopsy? | Hematuria |
| The national patient safety standards mandate that a "time-out" be performed before beginning any invasive procedure. Which steps are part of this important patient safety process? | The type and location of the procedure are confirmed, the patient's name is recited by the patient, the patient's identification number is confirmed (all are correct) |
| What is one very important consideration the sonographer should evaluate when involved in a biopsy procedure of an abdominal organ or structure? | How much the mass moves with respiration |
| What is a good technique for recognizing the tip of a biopsy needle during an ultrasound-guided biopsy? | The tip usually appears as an echogenic dot, the tip of the needle may be seen with a small amount of up and down motion, the tip of the needle may be seen as it advances into the biopsy area (all are correct) |
| What is/are contraindications for performing a biopsy? | Uncorrectable bleeding disorder, Lack of a safe needle path, Uncooperative patient (all are correct |
| Which part of the kidney is normally sampled during a renal transplant biopsy? | Upper pole |
| What is a risk associated with a biopsy of the pancreas? | Pancreatitis |
| What is/are advantages of using ultrasound guidance during interventional procedures? | Portability, lower cost, shorter procedure time (all are correct) |
| Which laboratory test could indicate a liver lesion? | Alpha-fetaprotein (AFP) |
| Which part of a native kidney is usually biopsied? | Lower pole |
| What patient position is most commonly used during a prostate biopsy? | Left lateral decubitus |
| What is/are sonographic findings of acutecholecystitis? | Thickened gallbladder wall, immobile gallstones, pericholecystic fluid (all are correct) |
| Which term describes an incarcerated hernia with vascular compromise? | Strangulated |
| what is the traditional imaging modality of choice for evaluation of urolithiasis? | Non-contrast computed tomography |
| What is the proper medical term for a hernia in which the bowel cannot be reduced? | Incarcerated |
| Which invasive technique is used for the diagnosis of hemoperitoneum? | Peritoneal lavage |
| What are the sonographic findings associated with acute pancreatitis? | Normal appearing or hypoechoic pancreatic parenchyma |
| When scanning a female in her reproductive years, a small amount of free fluid isolated to the posterior cul-de-sac is most likely related to what event? | Normal physiology |
| Which sonographic findings may be noted with aortic dissection? | False lumen, intimal flap at the site of dissection, reversed or decreased flow in the false lumen (all are correct) |
| True or False: Sonography may not be very accurate in detecting injuries from blunt trauma in the liver and the spleen | True |
| What is the smallest size (in mm) kidney stone that can be imaged with sonography? | 0.5 |
| Midepigastric pain radiating to the back is characteristic of which acute medical condition? | Pancreatitis |
| In which section of the aorta do approximately 70% of aortic dissections occur? | Ascending aorta |
| Where is the most common location for free fluid to accumulate after an injury from abdominal trauma? | Morrison's Pouch |
| Which sonographic finding is diagnostic of an abdominal wall hernia? | Peristalsis of herniated bowel |
| What are the types of abdominal wall hernia? | Reducible, strangulated, incarcerated (all are correct) |
| Which characeristics influence the microbubble's acoustic behavior? | Type of gas and shell used to encapsulate gas |
| How have ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) improved the accuracy of hepatic sonography? | Enhanced detection of hepatic masses, improved characterization of hepatic masses, better detection of intrahpeatic and extrahepatic blood flow (all are correct) |
| To aid in contrast enhanced imaging and to prevent premature microbubble rupture, what features have equipment manufacturers begun to incorporate into their scanning systems? | Intermittent imaging capabilities |
| When using tissue-specific contrast agents in the liver, during the early arterial phase focal nodular hyperplasia can have a similar appearance to what other liver mass? | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| The first ultrasound contrast agents were used to evaluate which component of the cardiovascular system? | Heart |
| What gas did the microbubbles of the "first-generation" ultrasound contrast agents contain? | Air |
| What frequency is processed when a scanning system is operating in the harmonics mode? | Second |
| What mechanical index (MI) setting should be used with ultrasound contrast agents? | Low output intensity |
| What is another term used to categorize tissue-specific ultrasound contrast agents? | Molecular imaging agents |
| How do vascular contrast agents enhance Doppler flow signals? | Adding more acoustic scatterers to the blood stream |
| What is a unique characteristic of the microbubbles of tissue-specific UCAs? | Have affinity for specific tissues |
| What effect can the energy in the acoustic field have on microbubbles? | Detrimental |
| In which vascular phase is flow in the hepatic capillaries detected? | Arterial |
| In which harmonic imaging mode the echoes from the oscillating microbubbles demonstrate what unique characteristics? | High signal to noise ratio |
| Why are vascular UCAs useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected renal artery stenosis? | Increases the intensity of the Doppler shift signals |
| What conditions are necessary for a vascular ultrasound contrast agent to be clinically useful? | Be nontoxic and injectable through a peripheral vein, have microbubbles that are small enough to traverse the pulmonary capillary beds, be stable enough to provide multiple recirculations through the cardiovascular system (all of the above) |
| What is a life threatening condition caused by excessive build up of pericardial fluid? | Cardiac tamponade |
| Which term describes an incarcerated hernia with vascular compromise? | Strangulated |
| What is the most common reason for free fluid in the abdomen or pelvis related to trauma? | Intraperitoneal hemorrhage |
| Where is the most common location for free fluid to accumulate after an injury from abdominal trauma? | Morrison's Pouch |
| Paraumbilical hernia occurs more often in which group? | Females |
| What are the types of abdominal wall hernias? | Reducible, strangulated, incarcerated (all are correct) |
| What is a common lab finding in 85% of patients suffering from urolithiasis? | Hematuria |
| In which section of the aorta do approximately 70% of aortic dissections occur? | Ascending aorta |
| Which medical condition is nearly always associate with aortic dissection? | Hypertension |
| What are some of the reasons for people to visit the ER? | Chest pain, respiratory distress, flank pain (all are correct) |
| What may a pseudo aortic dissection demonstrate during a sonographic examination? | Turbulent blood flow pattern |
Created by:
marissagirl