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Anatomy Tri 2 Test 2
Respiratory Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the mucosa lining that lines the nasal cavity? | warms incoming air and traps foreign objects |
| what is the purpose of nasal conchae? | they increase the musical surface area and air turbulence, allowing more particulates to contact the nasal cavity walls instead of entering the lungs. |
| what is the difference between the hard and soft palate? | hard palate is made of bone while the soft palate is made of muscle |
| What are the three sections of the pharynx? | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| where is each section of the pharynx located? | nasopharynx is in the nasal cavity, oropharynx is in the mouth, and laryngopharynx is the opening of the larynx and esophagus (contains epiglottis) |
| what is the purpose of the tonsils? | trap and remove foreign pathogens entering the throat |
| what are the 3 functions of the larynx? | 1) provide open airway (cartilage) 2) divert air and food into the proper pathways (epiglottis) 3)nproduce sound (vocal cords) |
| what are the two largest parts of larynx cartilage? | thyroid cartilage which makes up the Adams apple and cricoid cartilage which attaches the larynx to the trachea |
| what is the purpose of the rings of the trachea? | they prevent the trachea from collapsing |
| what is the function of the pleural space? | contains pleural fluid which reduces friction between the lungs and the rest of the thoracic cavity |
| how many lobes do each of the lungs have? | the right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 |
| which lung has the cardiac notch? | the left lung |
| What is tidal volume in the lungs? | the amount of air that is exchanged by the lungs when at rest |
| What are the two zones of the respiratory system? | conducting and respiratory zone |
| what are the functions of each zone of the respiratory system? | the conducting zone warms, humidifies, and filters air as it travels to the respiratory zone. The respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs (in the alveolar ducts) |
| What divides the nose into the two nostrils? | the nasal septum |
| What are the names of the three ridges in the nasal cavity? | nasal conchae |
| What is the purpose of the uvula? | prevents food from entering other parts of the nasal cavity when swallowed |
| What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses? | lighten the skull, resonate speech, and produce mucus |
| What are the three types of tonsils? | pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils |
| What folds are behind the vocal folds/cords? | vestibular folds |
| what are the three sections of vocal cords? | mucosa, ligament, and musculus vocallis |
| What is the posterior of the trachea connected to? | the esophagus, where the rings are open |
| What is the thing membrane that covers the lungs? | the pleura |
| What is each alveolus surrounded by? | capillaries |
| What is the function of alveolar fluid? | keeps the cells moist and includes surfuctant that prevents the alveoli from collapsing |
| Where does gas exchange take place? | in the alveoli and capillaries |
| What is external respiration? | when gases are exchanged between the pulmonary blood vessels and alveoli |
| What is internal respiration? | When blood exchanges gases with the body tissues |
| What are the muscles in between the ribs that help expand the chest cavity to breathe? | the external intercostals |
| How does a collapsed lung occur? | when air enters the pleural space (space between lung and chest wall) and becomes trapped, making the lungs unable to expand normally |
| What is inspiratory reserve volume? | the additional amount of air that can be inhaled conciously |
| what is expiratory reserve volume? | the additional amount of air that can be exhaled conciously |
| what is residual volume? | the amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced exhalation? |
| what is vital capacity? | the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation (the sum of all volumes, the total capacity of the lungs) |
| What part of the brainstem controls respiration rate? | pons and medulla |
| What two control centers does the medulla contain? | ventral and dorsal respiratory group |
| what does the pons group control? | timing, smoothing, and control of breathing by communicating with the vrg |
Created by:
Olivia.allen