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Urine Collect/Analy
Urine Collection and Analysis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The primary goal for urine collection is to | assist the provider in diagnosing disease, monitoring a patient’s condition, treatment or medication levels |
| Urine specimens are the _________ most common specimen analyzed in the laboratory looking for imbalances of homeostasis in the body, and detection of diseases or disorders of the kidneys or urinary tract. | second |
| The medical assistant plays a significant role in | preparing the patient, obtaining a specimen, performing analysis and documenting results |
| The medical assistant will need to consider multiple factors such | as age, language barriers, comfort level and educational background, medications and last menstrual period (if applicable) when performing urine collection |
| The clean catch midstream specimen (CCMS) is most frequently used | for a suspected urinary tract infection. |
| The clean catch technique is used to _____________ micro-organisms from the urinary tract. | eliminate |
| Physical analysis of urine requires the observation of | the appearance of the specimen by pouring urine into a centrifuge tube and observing the color, odor, and clarity of the urine. |
| Chemical urine analysis is conducted by dipping a _______ _____ into the urine and placing the strip in the chemical analyzer | reagent strip |
| Urine specimens | are collected by either a clean-catch method or a catheter to obtain diagnostic information and assess patients’ status. |
| For all urine sampling, | it must be stored in appropriate conditions and transported properly to ensure the quality of the sample. be sure to document the method of collection, the pt’s tolerance, and any pertinent physical findings (including a description of the urine specimen) |
| The clean-catch method | is suitable for patients who are able to understand instructions for depositing a urine sample into a sterile cup or receptacle. |
| The clean-catch method The patient must: | Wash their hands prior to providing a sample. produce the sample with a sterile cup and clear instructions. According to your facility’s policy, label urine specimens prior to sending them to the laboratory. |
| When Your Patient is Male -The clean-catch | Male anatomy provides a distinct advantage in providing adequate urine samples with the clean-catch |
| The clean-catch method When Your Patient is Male | to retract the foreskin before cleaning. use an antiseptic wipe moving from the center to the outside in a circular motion to cleanse be4 the beginning stream. direct the initial stream of urine into toilet, pause, and then proceed to urinate into cup. |
| When Your Patient is Female - The clean-catch | Female patients sometimes encounter difficulty because of the potential to contaminate the sample with skin or bacteria from the external genitalia surrounding the urethra. |
| The clean-catch method When Your Patient is female instruct | wash their hands, hold cup in 1 hand, and use the other hand to part their external genitalia to help reduce contamination. Clean with an antiseptic wipe, moving from front to back. Repeat x3 using a fresh wipe each time (left side, right side, center). |
| The clean-catch method When Your Patient is female instruct pt 2 | Tell them to allow the initial stream of urine to go into the toilet, pause, and then urinate into the collection cup. With the lid in place on the cup, label |
| When Your Patient is a Child | Children can obtain clean-catch urine samples, but they might find it easier with a sterile receptacle placed within the toilet for specimen collection. Pour the sample from the receptacle into a sterile collection cup. lid in place on the cup |
| Urine For Reagent Strip Testing | The most common point-of-care urine test is a urine reagent strip or “dipstick ” test used for quick screening. It involves placing a chemically treated strip into a random urine sample collected in a clean cup and observing color changes on the strip. |
| Most reagent strips provide information | about pH, specific gravity, leukocytes or leukocyte esterase, blood, ketones, bilirubin or urobilinogen, and glucose (depending on the type of reagent strip used) |
| Urine For Reagent Strip Testing - ph | pH, an indicator of acid-base balance, can range between 4.6 and 8.0. This is pertinent when examining bacterial growth because bacteria grow more easily in an alkaline environment than in an acidic environment. |
| The expected range for urine-specific gravity is _._____ to _.______ | 1.0053 to 1.030. Higher specific gravity readings indicate concentrated urine and can be an indicator of dehydration. Lower specific gravity readings indicate dilute urine. |
| reagent test strip - All components should be | negative in a normal urine sample |
| reagent test strip - Leukocytes and leukocyte esterase indicate the presence of | infection |
| reagent test strip - Blood in the urine can indicate | infection, cancer, and other pathology. |
| reagent test strip - Ketones are products of fat metabolism; their presence in urine may indicate | diabetes mellitus. |
| reagent test strip - Bilirubin and urobilinogen in the urine can indicate | liver disease or red blood cell destruction. |
| reagent test strip - Nitrites in the urine can indicate | infection. |
| reagent test strip - Glucose in the urine can indicate | diabetes mellitus. |
| Urine reagent test strips are used | as a screening tool and are not considered diagnostic. Therefore, any unusual findings on a urine reagent test must be confirmed by laboratory analysis. |
| A routine clinical urinalysis (point of care) test is a | diagnostic antigen test used to detect the presence of pathogens that cause infection, as well as the pH balance and specific gravity in a patient's urine. |
| Physical Properties of Urine | The physical properties of urine specimens include the urine's color, appearance, specific gravity, and odor. The first part of urinalysis is direct visual observation. |
| Color, Clarity, Specific gravity | Urine color can be affected by many things including diet, drugs, diseases, and the concentration of the urine. Normal, fresh urine is pale to dark yellow or amber in color. |
| The yellow color is due to the pigment | urochrome. |
| Pale urine is typically | very dilute and is seen after high fluid intake |
| Dark yellow color can signify | highly concentrated urine such as when the patient is dehydrated. |
| Red or red-brown color could be from | a food dye, eating fresh beets, a drug, or the presence of hemoglobin. |
| Normal Urine | In good health, color ranges from a clear/straw yellow to a dark but transparent yellow. |
| Cloudy urine | Usually seen with Urinary Tract Infections (UTI). There is a flurry of white blood cells in the urine (via immune response) to fight against the infection-causing organism. Urine appears milky/ cloudy. |
| Reddish brown to dark urine | Myoglobin in urine usually caused by strenuous exercise which causes the muscle breakdown to release myoglobin pigment. Its leakage in urine can damage tiny urine-forming tubules in the kidney and result in brown urine |
| Red urine- hematuria | Blood in urine. This could be a result of kidney stones, UTI, polycystic kidney disease, immune-mediated damage of kidney filters, tumor/cancer in the urinary tract |
| Green urine | May be caused by specific bacteria of Pseudomonas species in the urinary tract. Urine can turn greenish due to pyocyanin pigment released by such bacteria. |
| Urine Turbidity | Normal, freshly voided urine is usually clear. Haziness or (cloudiness) may be caused by cellular material or protein in the urine. It may also develop from the precipitation of salts while standing. |
| Urine specimens | are collected by either a clean-catch method or a catheter to obtain diagnostic information and assess patients’ status. |
| Urine can be screened routinely with a | lean voided specimen collected during normal voiding for some point-of-care tests, with a routine urinalysis performed in a laboratory as indicated. |
| urine specimen sent for laboratory testing it must be stored in appropriate conditions and transported properly to ensure the quality of the sample | urine sampling, be sure to document the method of collection, the patient’s tolerance, and any pertinent physical findings (including a description of the urine specimen, noting the color, clarity, and odor). |
| The clean-catch method | suitable for pts who are able to understand instructions for depositing a urine sample into a sterile cup or receptacle. Pt education, including written instructions, helps ensure that pts use the proper technique. |
| Clean-Catch Urine Samples The patient must: | Wash their hands they produce the sample with a sterile cup and clear instructions. Help if they request assistance. According to your facility’s policy, label urine specimens prior to sending them to the lab |
| Clean-Catch Urine Samples When Your Patient is Male Instruct the uncircumcised male to retract the foreskin before cleaning. if not continue | Use an antiseptic wipe moving from the center to the outside in a circular motion to cleanse b4 the beginning stream. Tell pt direct the initial stream of urine into toilet, pause, proceed to urinate into cup. lid in place on the cup, label and send |
| Clean-Catch Urine Samples When Your Patient is Female | Female patients sometimes encounter difficulty because of the potential to contaminate the sample with skin or bacteria from the external genitalia surrounding the urethra. |
| Clean-Catch Urine Samples When Your Patient is Female | wash hands, hold cup use the other hand to part external genitalia Clean area w/ antiseptic wipe, moving front-back. Repeat 3x using a fresh wipe each time (left side, right side, and center).allow the initial stream to go into toilet, pause then cup. |
| Clean-Catch Urine Samples when your patient is a child | sterile receptacle placed within the toilet for specimen collection. Pour the sample from the receptacle into a sterile collection cup. Then, with the lid in place on the cup, label the sample and send it to the lab |
| Clean-Catch Urine Samples when your patient is a child | Clear plastic single-use bags can be used for infants or toddlers. The bags have a self-adhesive material that fits around the child’s urethral meatus. Do not squeeze samples from a wet diaper or pad, as the results are likely to be inaccurate. |
| Urine For Reagent Strip Testing | Most common performed point-of-care urine test is a urine reagent strip or “dipstick ” test used for quick screening. involves placing a chemically treated strip into a random urine sample collected in a clean cup and observing color changes on the strip |
| Most reagent strips provide information | about pH, specific gravity, leukocytes or leukocyte esterase, blood, ketones, bilirubin or urobilinogen, and glucose (depending on the type of reagent strip used) |
| Urine For Reagent Strip Testing - The pH, an indicator of acid-base balance, can range between | 4.6 and 8.0. |
| Specific gravity is an indicator of the concentration of urine. The expected range for urine-specific gravity is | 1.0053 to 1.030. Higher specific gravity readings indicate concentrated urine and can be an indicator of dehydration. Lower specific gravity readings indicate dilute urine. |
| All other components of the urine reagent test strip should be __________in a normal urine sample | negative |
| Leukocytes and leukocyte esterase indicate the presence | Of infections |
| Blood in the urine can indicate | infection, cancer, and other pathology. |
| Ketones are products of | fat metabolism; their presence in urine may indicate diabetes mellitus. |
| Bilirubin and urobilinogen in the urine can indicate | liver disease or red blood cell destruction. |
| Nitrites in the urine can indicate | infections |
| Glucose in the urine can indicate | diabetes mellitus. |
| A routine clinical urinalysis (point of care) test is a diagnostic antigen test used to detect | the presence of pathogens that cause infection, as well as the pH balance and specific gravity in a patient's urine. |
| clinical urinalysis (point of care) test commonly tested parameters include the level of | leukocytes, hemoglobin, ketones, glucose, proteins, nitrite, bilirubin, and urobilinogen. Positive results can aid in the diagnosis of various medical conditions, so the physician can order additional testing and prescribe appropriate treatment plans. |
| The primary goal for urine collection is to | assist the provider in diagnosing disease and monitoring the patient’s condition, treatment, or medication levels |
| Urine specimens are the second most common specimen analyzed in the laboratory to look for imbalances of | homeostasis in the body and detection of diseases or disorders of the kidneys or urinary tract |
| The medical assistant plays a significant role in preparing the patient, | obtaining a specimen, performing analysis, and documenting results |
| Professionalism is important throughout every urine collection, as it can be an uncomfortable topic to discuss..The medical assistant will need to consider multiple factors such as | age, language barriers, comfort level, educational background, medications, and last menstrual period (if applicable) when performing urine collection. |
| CCMS | Clean Catch Midstream Specimen. A method of urine collection most frequently used for a suspected urinary tract infection. It requires the removal of as many pathogens from the genital region of the patient. |
| Distal urethra | The part of the urethra closest to the outside of the body. |
| Meatus | A passage or opening leading to the interior of the body. |
| Clinical analyzer | Laboratory machines used to determine the concentration of certain metabolites, electrolytes, proteins, and/or drugs in samples of serum, plasma, urine, and other body fluids. |
Created by:
CATCCMA