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Minerals yay
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Naturally occurring | Naturally occurring: Created by nature. |
| Inorganic | Inorganic: Cannot be created using any living thing, only NON-living. |
| Solid | Solid: Minerals have a definite volume, and shape |
| Crystal Structure | Crystal Structure: particles of a mineral lines up in a pattern over and over again |
| Definite chemical composition | Definite chemical composition: A mineral has definite chemical make-up of certain elements. |
| Mohs hardness scale | Mohs hardness scale: Identifies hardness from softest to hardest of ten minerals. |
| Color | Color: Easily observed physical property. |
| Streak | Streak: The color of the minerals powder is easily observed |
| Luster | Luster: Its reflection of light in the minerals surface. |
| Density | Density: How tightly packed the matter is in the mineral. |
| Crystal system | Crystal system: The minerals actual polygon shape, example cube, or hexagon. |
| Cleavage | Cleavage: Mineral breaks along a flat surface, smooth break. |
| Fracture | Fracture: Mineral breaks in an irregular way, jagged and uneven. |
| Crystallization through melted materials | Crystallization through melted materials: form from magma that cools inside the crust or lava that cools on the surface. Magma cools slowly creating large minerals, and lava cools quickly creating small minerals. |
| Minerals in Hot Water Solution | Minerals in Hot Water Solution: Magma heats water to very high temperatures, when the hot water cools the water and leaves the solution that creates the crystallization. |
| Where minerals are found | Where minerals are found: Many rare and valuable minerals are found in or near volcanic activity, mountain building, and bodies of water |
| Gemstones | Gemstones: Using minerals such as rubies and sapphires for jewelry |
| Metals | Metals: Using minerals such as aluminum, iron, copper, and silver, to make other items we use or want. |
| Ores | Ores: a rock that contains metal or useful minerals |
| Prospector | Prospector: someone who looks for ore deposits. |
| Mining | Mining |
| Rocks | 1. Rocks: Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| Mineral Composition | Mineral Composition: geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals. |
| Sedimentary | Sedimentary: forms in layers from sediment |
| Igneous | Igneous: forms from magma or lava |
| Metamorphic | Metamorphic: formed deep underground with heat & pressure |
| Igneous Rocks | Igneous Rocks: formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava. |
| Extrusive Rocks | Extrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface |
| Intrusive Rocks | Intrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Texture | Texture: depends upon the size and shape of the crystals |
| Porphyritic texture | Porphyritic texture: large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. |
| Uses of Igneous Rocks | Uses of Igneous Rocks: Used because they are hard, dense, and durable |
| Basalt | Basalt: gravel |
| Pumice | Pumice: cleaning and polishing |
| Perlite | Perlite: soil mixes |
| Obsidian | Obsidian: sharp tools |
| Granite | Granite: building materials |
| Sedimentary Rocks | Sedimentary Rocks: formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; |
| sediment | sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| Changing sediments to rocks: | A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together. |
| Clastic Rocks | Clastic Rocks: formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together |
| Examples of clastic rocks: | Examples of clastic rocks: shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia |
| Organic Rocks | Organic Rocks: formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| Examples of organic rocks: | Examples of organic rocks: coal, and limestone |
| Chemical Rocks | Chemical Rocks: when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| Uses of Sedimentary Rocks: | Uses of Sedimentary Rocks: A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel |
| Metamorphic Rocks: | Metamorphic Rocks: formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic |
| Grains | Grains: the arrangement of the grains |
| Foliated | Foliated: grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| Non-foliated | Non-foliated: mineral grains are arranged randomly |
| Marble | Marble: building materials |
| Slate | Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards |
| Limestone changes to | marble |
| Sandstone changes to | quartzite |
| Shale changes to | slate |
| Granite changes to | gneiss |
| The Rock Cycle: | The Rock Cycle: Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust. |
| Subducting Oceanic Plates: | Subducting Oceanic Plates: Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again. |
| Colliding Continental Plates: | .Colliding Continental Plates: Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle. |
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